NCEA Level 2 Organic Chemistry (2.5) 91165, Organic Chemistry

One

Meth-

Two

Eth-

Three

Prop-

Four

But-

Five

Pent-

Six

Hex-

Seven

Hept-

Eight

Oct-

Nine

Non-

Ten

Dec-

alkene to alkane

H₂ gas + Ni/Pt

alkene to haloalkane

HBr, HCI, HF, HI, HBr

haloalkane to alkene

(alc) KOH

alkene to alcohol

H₂O/H⁺

alcohol to alkene

conc H₂SO₄

alkane to haloalkane

Br₂ and CI₂ + UV light

haloalkane to alcohol

KOH(aq)

alcohol to haloalkane

PCl₃ or PCl₅ or SOCl₂

haloalkane to amine

(alc) NH₃

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

H⁺/MnO₄⁻ or H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻

alkene to diols

H⁺/MnO₄⁻ (useful test for C=C)

alkene to dibromoalkane

Br₂ (aq)

Substitution Reaction

A reaction where one atom in an organic compound is substituted for another atom

Addition Reaction

A reaction where a double bond between two carbons is broken and atoms are added in place of the double bond

Elimination Reaction

A reaction where two atoms are removed from an organic compound and a double bond forms

Alcohol ---> Haloalkane

What type of reaction is this?

Substitution

Haloalkane ---> amide

What type of reaction is this?

Substitution

Substitution

Haloalkane ---> alcohol

What type of reaction is this?

Substitution

Carboxylic acid + base ---> salt

What type of reaction is this?

Substitution

water + alkene ---> alcohol

What type of reaction is this?

Addition/hydration

Alkene ---> alkane

What type of reaction is this?

Addition/hydrogenation

Alkene ---> haloalkane

What type of reaction is this?

Addition/halogenation

What is Markovnikov's rule?

The rich get richer

Where does Markovnikov's rule apply?

Addition reactions

What products does Markovnikov's rule produce?

Major and minor products

What type of reaction is polymerisation?

Addition

What is polymerisation?

A reaction where monomers of the same compound bind together to form a long chain (a polymer)

Alcohol ---> alkene

What type of reaction is this?

Elimination

Haloalkane ---> alkene

What type of reaction is this?

Elimination

Alcohol ---> carboxylic acid

What type of reaction is this?

Oxidation

What characterizes the reaction of carboxylic acids turning into salts?

Bubbling CO2

What is Cr2O72- the symbol for?

Dichromate

What is MnO4- the symbol for?

Permanganate

What characterizes oxidation reactions?

Dichromate goes from orange to green

Permanganate goes from purple to colourless

Alkane ---> alcohol

What type of reaction is this?

Oxidation

What happens to an alkane when it is oxidised?

It becomes an alcohol

Alkene and Br₂

orange to brown

Alkyne and Br₂

orange to brown

Alkane and Br₂

orange to brown (slowly)

Alcohol and H⁺/MnO₄⁻ (heat)

purple to colourless

Alkene and H⁺/MnO₄⁻ (no heat)

purple to colourless

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon, its structures and reactivity.

Alcohol

Phenyl group

Ketone

Carboxylic Acid

Ester

Ether

Aldehyde

Amide

Amine

Alkyl halide

Chemical Formula for Alkane

Cn H2n+2

Chemical Formula for Alkene

Cn H2n

Chemical Formula for Alkyne

Cn H2n-2

pentane

Name this.

methane

Name this.

butane

Name this.

propane

Name this.

ethane

Name this.

hexane

Name this.

heptane

Name this.

octane

Name this.

nonane

Name this.

decane

Name this.

ethene

Name this.

propene

Name this.

butene

Name this.

pentene

Name this.

hexene

Name this.

heptene

Name this.

octene

Name this.

decene

Name this.

ethyne

Name this.

propyne

Name this.

butyne

Name this.

pentyne

Name this.

hexyne

Name this.

heptyne

Name this.

octyne

Name this.

nonyne

Name this.

decyne

Name this.

4

The number of valence electrons Carbon has (number of bonds it could make.

triple bond

The strongest and shortest covalent bond

single bond

The weakest and longest covalent bond

CH4

molecular formula for methane

C2H6

molecular formula for ethane

C3H8

molecular formula for propane

C4H10

molecular formula for butane