A Two Party System Develops and Early American Presidency

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering the development of the two-party system, the presidencies of Adams and Jefferson, the Louisiana Purchase, and early U.S. foreign policy challenges.

What did George Washington warn that political parties would cause in the United States?

He warned that they would threaten unity and cause ‐jealousies and false alarms.‐

Which early political leader favored a strong federal government, the wealthy and educated elite, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution?

Alexander Hamilton

According to Thomas Jefferson, which segment of society should the government ideally represent?

Ordinary white citizens

Which world nation did the Federalists prefer to support in foreign alliances?

Britain

What were the primary groups that backed the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison?

Farmers, artisans, and southern planters

What was the result of the Election of $1796$ regarding the President and Vice President?

Federalist John Adams was elected President and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson became Vice President.

What event involved French agents demanding a bribe and a loan from American diplomats in $1797$?

The XYZ Affair

What was the popular American slogan following the XYZ Affair?

‐Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!‐

Under the Alien Act of $1798$, how many years did the wait for citizenship increase to?

$14$ years

What did the Sedition Act of $1798$ aim to punish?

Criticism of the government

What principle was introduced by the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

That states have the right to judge constitutionality and can nullify federal laws.

How was the tie between Jefferson and Burr in the Election of $1800$ resolved?

The House of Representatives chose Jefferson after $36$ votes.

Which Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in $1803$?

Marbury v. Madison

What was the significance of the Pinckney Treaty of $1795$?

Spain allowed Americans to use the Mississippi River and New Orleans for shipping.

How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana Purchase in $1803$?

$$15\text{ million}$$

Who led the Haitian Revolution, causing Napoleon to abandon his plans for an empire in the Americas?

Toussaint L’Ouverture

What were the primary goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition between $1804$ and $1806$?

To map a route to the Pacific, and study the geography, rivers, land, and tribes.

Who served as a guide and translator for the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Sacajawea

Which explorer discovered Pikes Peak while exploring the Southwest from $1805$ to $1807$?

Zebulon Pike

In the context of British naval actions, what is the definition of ‐impressment‐?

The practice of forcing people into service.

What was the economic impact of the Embargo Act of $1807$ on the United States?

It hurt the economy badly, caused exports to collapse, and increased smuggling.

Which act replaced the Embargo Act in $1809$ to allow trade with all nations except Britain and France?

The Nonintercourse Act