Other Fates of Pyruvate
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12 Terms
Under aerobic conditions, what happens to pyruvate?
Pyruvate enters TCA as Acetyl-CoA
What happebs to pyruvate when there is little to no oxygen present?
Ethanol fermentation (yeast)
Lactic Acid fermentation (Muscles and tumor cells)
Yeast ferment pyruvate to __ and __
Ethanol and CO2
Muscles (and tumor cells) ferment __ to __
Pyruvate to lactic acid
Why do us and yeast do fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ after running lots of glycolysis
Alcohol dehydrogenase converts (FWD) __ to __
Acetaldehyde to ethanol and generates NAD+ from NADH
What are the steps of ethanol fermentation?
Pyruvate is decarboxylated to yield acetaldehyde. Releases CO2!!! Catalyzed by Pyruvate decarboxylase.
Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol. NADH to NAD+. Catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the cofactor of pyruvate decarboxylase?
TPP (Thiamine pyrophosphate)
What is the mechanism of acetaldehyde?
Zn+2 at the active site polarizes the carbonyl oxygen of acetaldehyde, allowing transfer of a hydride ion from NADH.
The reduced intermediate acquires a proton from the environment to form ethanol.
Beer yeast/ bread yeast/ science yeast is…
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion (reduction) from pyruvate to lactate?
Lactate dehydrogenase with cofactor NADH → turns to NAD+
Why do muscle cells make lactate (carboxylate of lactic acid)?
Regenerate NAD+ after lots of glycolysis and exercise!