🧠 A3 BONES

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone.

Hyaline cartilage

Covers the surface of bones at joints.

Periosteum

The outer covering of a bone.

Compact bone

Dense and strong bone tissue.

Spongy bone

Light and porous bone tissue.

Bone marrow

Found inside bones that produces blood cells.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone.

Haversian canals

Channels that contain blood vessels and nerves.

Lacunae

Spaces that contain bone cells.

Canaliculi

Small channels connecting lacunae.

Foramen

A hole in a bone for blood vessels or nerves.

Fossa

A depression in a bone.

Tuberosity

A rough projection for muscle attachment.

Condyle

A rounded surface for articulation.

Function of bones

Support the body because they provide structure and shape.

Function of compact bone

Provide strength because it is dense and rigid.

Function of spongy bone

Reduce weight because it is porous and lighter.

Function of bone marrow

Produce blood cells because it contains stem cells.

Function of the periosteum

Protect and repair bone because it contains blood vessels and cells.

Function of hyaline cartilage

Reduce friction because it provides a smooth surface at joints.

Function of osteons

Provide structure because they organise bone tissue around blood supply.

How does compact bone structure support its function?

Dense and tightly packed → provides strength and support.

How does spongy bone structure support its function?

Porous structure → reduces weight and absorbs shock.

How does the structure of an osteon support function?

Central canal with blood vessels → allows nutrient supply.

How do canaliculi support bone function?

Connect cells → allow communication and nutrient transfer.

How does hyaline cartilage support joint movement?

Smooth surface → reduces friction and wear.

How does bone marrow structure support function?

Contains stem cells → produces blood cells.

How bones grow

Bone cells divide and ossify, increasing length at the epiphysis.

How bones repair after injury

Cells in the periosteum produce new bone tissue to repair damage.

How blood supply supports bone tissue

Blood vessels in Haversian canals deliver nutrients and oxygen.

How bones support movement

Bones act as levers and provide attachment points for muscles.

Structure of a long bone

Diaphysis provides strength and support; epiphysis contains spongy bone which reduces weight; compact bone is dense for strength; spongy bone absorbs shock; periosteum protects and repairs bone; bone marrow produces blood cells; hyaline cartilage reduces friction at joints.

Bone structure supports movement and support

Bones provide a rigid framework; compact bone provides strength; spongy bone reduces weight; tuberosities provide attachment points for muscles; condyles allow articulation; hyaline cartilage reduces friction; blood supply maintains bone health.