CHEM 1212 Exam 4

Salts that yield neutral solution

Cations of strong bases

Anions of strong monoprotic acids (Cl, Br, I, NO₃, ClO₄, ClO₃

Salts that yield basic solutions

Strong base + weak acid

Conjugate base of a weak acid

Salts that yield acidic solutions

Strong acid + weak base

Conjugate acid of a weak base

Bond polarity (binary acids)

More polar the bond, the more acidic

Bond strength (binary acids)

Smaller the atomic radius, stronger the bond, weaker the acid

Electronegativity of Y (oxyacids)

More electronegative the Y atom, the stronger the acid

Number of oxygens (oxyacids)

The more oxygen atoms, the stronger the acid

Oxidation state of Y (oxyacids)

The larger the oxidation state of Y, the stronger the acid

Buffer must contain

Weak acid + conjugate base

Weak base + conjugate acid

Stronger buffer

Higher concentrations and ratio is close to 1

Best acid to make a buffer

pKa is closest to the pH of the buffer

Higher Ka

More acidic

Higher molar solubility

More soluble

Higher Ksp

More soluble

Q = K

Saturated

Q < K

Unsaturated

Q > K

Precipitate forms

Increase solubility of a base

In acidic solution(lower pH, higher solubility)

Increase solubility of an acid

In basic solution

Weak acid + strong base equivalence

pH > 7

Strong acid + strong base equivalence

pH = 7

Strong acid + weak base equivalence

pH < 7

Add acid to a buffer

base/acid ratios decreases, pH goes down

For if an amphotopic thing will be basic or acidic

Compare Kb to Ka2

Acid > base

pH < pKa

Base > acid

pH > pKa