A&P Exam 3

Controls what passes into and out of the cell

Cell Membrane

Amphipathic structure, one side is hydrophobic and the other side is hydrophobic.

Phospholipids

Fills spaces between phospholipids, increases hydrophobia, can decrease fluidity, and decreases permeability to water.

Cholesterol

3-carbon alcohol (trihydroxy alcohol) that forms the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids. High polar and water soluble.

Glycerol

Hydrophilic part of the phospholipid and found on outer surfaces of cell membranes.

Phosphate Head

Hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule. Its non polar and forms inner core of phospholipid bilayer.

Fatty acid tail

This is the basic structural framework of the cell (plasma) membrane, it acts as a selective barrier and maintains cell structure. It has 2 layers of phospholipids (fatty acid tails and phosphate heads).

Phospholipid bilayer

This describes the structure of the plasma membrane and allows phospholipids move freely within membrane.

Fluid Mosaic Model

True or False: Fluid describes the plasma membrane as flexible and the layer made up of a variety of components is mosaic.

True

Are embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer and have specific structures based on their location and function.

Plasma membrane Protein Structure

What are the 2 types of plasma membrane protein structures?

Integral and Peripheral proteins

______ protein sits on the outside of the membrane and attaches to it.

Peripheral

______ protein goes through the membrane.

Integral

True or False: Selectively permeable membrane regulates what can move across the membrane.

True

No energy is used, just vibration.

Passive Transport

True or False: Anything that has a charge (+,-) won’t make it through the phospholipid layer.

True

Transport that requires energy and moves against the gradient.

Active Transport

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

Diffusion, Osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

________ and ________ don’t require energy but one refers to water and one refers to everything else.

Osmosis; Diffusion

This passive transport type is known as the protein diffusion and is carrier mediated.

Facilitated Diffusion

Random movement of tiny particles in a liquid or gas

Brownian movement

____ is what gets dissolved (salt).

Solute

______ is what does the dissolving (water).

solvent

______ is the final mixture (salt + water = saltwater).

Solution

______ is how a solution affects a cell’s size (water movement).

Tonicity

_____ is same inside and outside, _____ is more water is outside, and _____ is less water outside.

Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic solution

______ is to “pull” to bring water into a solution (hypotonic to hypertonic).

osmotic pressure

True or False: Hypotonic causes the cell to shrivel and Hypertonic causes the cell to swell.

False; it’s the other way around

When a cell swells so much that it bursts.

Hemolysis