Water-soluble vitamins

What is another name for Vitamin B1

Thiamin

What is the active form of thiamin (B1)?

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

What happens to Thiamin (B1) absorption in individuals with folate deficiency?

Reduced absorption

What vitamin cofactor is required for pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

What vitamin cofactor is required for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

What vitamin cofactor is required for Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase?

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

What vitamin cofactor is required for Transketolase (HMP pathway)?

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

What is another name for Vitamin B2?

Riboflavin

What cofactor works alongside the enzyme OxPhos, Glutathione Reductase?

Riboflaxin (B2)

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

Niacin

What is the amino acid precursor for Niacin?

Tryptophan

What is another name for vitamin B6?

Pyridoxine

What vitamin cofactor do most transamination reactions require?

Pyridoxine (B6)

What vitamin cofactor is required in urea metabolism?

Pyridoxine (PLP) = B6

What vitamin cofactor is required in the conversion of tryptophan, to niacin or serotonin?

Pyridoxine (PLP) = B6

What vitamin cofactor is required in the synthesis of heme?

Pyridoxine (PLP) = B6

What is another name for Vitamin B9?

Folate

What vitamin cofactor is used in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, some amino acids?

Folate (B9)

What vitamin cofactor is required to regenerate methionine from homocysteine?

Folate (B9)

What is the precursor for RBC?

Folate (B9)

What is another name for vitamin B12?

Cobalamin

What are the R-proteins produced by salicery glands called?

Haptocorrin

In the stomach, Vitamin B12 binds to what?

protein in food

What does the free Vitamin B12 bind to in after the Pancreatic enzymes break down R-protein?

To the intrinsic factor

After Vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor complex is absorbed into blood, what does it bind to?

To the transport protein transcobalamin II

Where does the vitamin B12-transcobalamin II complex travel the vein and get delivered to?

To the liver

Where can vitamin B12 be stored?

In the liver

Some reactions require which two vitamins for activation?

Folate (B9) and Cobalamin (B12)

What is another name for vitamin B7?

Biotin

What is ABC Carboxylases?

ATP, Biotin, CO2

What is another name for Vitamin B5?

Pantothenic acid

What is another form for Pantothenic acid (B5)?

• Coenzyme A (CoA)

• acyl carrier

What two vitamin cofactor are required to convert B6 → PLP

Riboflavin and B2

What three vitamin cofactors are required for conversion of Trp to niacin (B3)?

Riboflavin, PLP and Iron

What is another name for Vitamin C?

Ascorbic Acid

What vitamin cofactor is required for the formation of collagen?

Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C)

What vitamin cofactor is required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters?

Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C)

What are the two enzymes that catalyze the 2 different collagen synthesis reactions?

prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase

What is another name for prolyl hydroxylase?

proline hydroxylase

What is another name for lysyl hydroxylase?

lysine hydroxylase