Final Exam My Notes Study Guide Ex Psych

Big picture of TPB

biggest predictor of behavior is intention

what is intention

your plan to do a behavior

what is Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

simplest/earliest

attitude + subjective norms

what is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

added control

attitude + subjective norms + PBC

what is Theory of Reasoned Action Approach (RAA)

most complex/detailed

breaks everything into smaller parts

Attitude subcomponents

cognitive and affective

what is cognitive attitude

beliefs/benefits

what is affective attitude

feelings/emotions

what are subjective norms subcomponents

injunctive norms and descriptive norms

what are injunctive norms

what others think you SHOULD do

what are descriptive norms

what others ACTUALLY do

what is perceived behavioral control

how much confidence/control I have

depends on task difficulty, skills, confidence

moderation of PBC

later PBC can change how strong intention affects behavior

RAA subcomponents

experiential attitude and instrumental attitude

what is experiential attitude

feelings/emotions

what is instrumental attitude

benefits/usefulness

what are the subcomponents of PBC

capacity and autonomy

what is capacity

confidence/capability

what is autonomy

freedom/control

biggest additional predictor

past behavior

to increase physical activity intentions you should focus on

improving attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC

core idea of self efficacy

can do belief - not intention but capability

4 sources of self efficacy

mastery experiences

verbal persuasion

vicarious experience

physiological/emotional state

what is mastery experiences

most important source

success increases confidence

what is verbal persuasion

encouragement from others

what is vicarious experience

seeing similar others succeed

what is physiological/emotional state

feeling fit, calm, positive = higher confidence

measurements of self efficacy

level

strength

generality

types of outcome expectations

physical

social

self evaluative

types of self efficacy

task self efficacy and self regulatory self efficacy

what is task self efficacy

confidence to do better

helps start behavior

what is self regulatory efficacy

confidence to maintain behavior over time

handles barriers (weather, stress, time)

what is Banduras perspective on self efficacy

the can do belief influences outcome expectations

what is Rhodes/Blanchards perspective on outcome expectations

the what will happen belief can influence self efficacy

basic idea of achievement goal theory

people are motivated by how they define success

1) improving

2) comparing

Theoretical components of achievement goal theory

motivational goal orientation and motivation goal climate

what is motivational goal orientation

person stable preference for goals

• self improvement

• comparing/beating others

what is motivational goal climate

environment created by coach/teacher/situation

• self improvement = mastery

• comparing/beating = ego

what are task goals

personal performance/self improvement

“beat your self”

what are ego goals

doing better than others “beat others”

what is approach

moving toward success, usually good

what is avoidance

trying to avoid failure, usually bad

what are the 2 achievement goals

task vs ego

what are the 3 achievement goals

approach/avoidance for ego and task goals

what are the 4 achievement goals

approach/avoidance for ego and task

what are the 6 achievement goals

task based approach

task based avoidance

self based approach

self based avoidance

ego approach

ego avoidance

what is task based approach

achieve task standard - adaptive

what is task based avoidance

avoid failing task standard - maladaptive

what is self based approach

improve compared to past self - adaptive

what is self based avoidance

avoid doing worse than others - maladaptive

what is ego approach

out perform others - adaptive

what is ego avoidance

avoid loosing to others - maladaptive

basic idea of goal setting theory

specific and challenging goals = better performance

theoretical components of goal setting theory

specific goals

challenging but attainable

feedback

what are specific goals

clear goals work better than vague ones

clear goals = clear target

what are challenging but attainable goals

goals should be difficult but realistic

too easy = boring and low motivation

too hard = frustration, low confidence, and quitting

what is feedback

people need feedback to track progress

helps evaluate progress, adjust strategies and stay motivated

4 moderators of goal setting theory

commitment

knowlege

resources

ability

what is commitment

dedication to goal

what is knowledge

understanding how to do task

what are resources

time,tools,support

what is ability

capability/skill

what are performance goals

used when moderators are PRESENT

if a person CAN do it

what are learning goals

used when moderators are MISSING

if a person CANNOT do it

why goal setting works

indirect and direct thought process

what is indirect thought process

goals affect confidence, anxiety, and self regulation

what is direct thought process

goals directly affected by directing attention, creating focus, improving strategies

what is Gano Overway

task focus = better self control = better outcomes

what do short term goals do

provide stepping stones

what do long term goals do

provide direction

what is the Transtheoretical model

behavior change happens in stages

6 stages of TTM

percontemplation

contemplation

preparation

action

maintenance

termination

what is percontemplation

not thinking about change

what is contemplation

thinking about change

what is preparation

planning change soon

what is action

actively doing behavior (<6 months)

what is maintenance

doing behavior (> 6 months)

what is termination

no temptation to relapse (rare)

what are the 5 stage based interventions (SEM)

intrapersonal

interpersonal

organizational

community/environment

policy

what is intrapersonal

individual

inside the person (education, motivation, self efficacy)

what is interpersonal

social

relationships with others

feelings cared for, encouraged, assisted

what is organizational

institutional

school/work programs

what is community/environment

physical + social surroundings

includes norms, relationships, cultures

what is policy

laws + rules

Health Benefit Model (HBM) core idea

risk + severity + benefits vs barriers