Osteology Quiz 4

Sacrum

what bone is this?

Pathology

The study of disease

Trauma

Physical disruption of living tissues by outside forces

Lesion

Diseases that affect the skeleton manifest as localized bony alterations called:

Proliferative

Excess deposition of bone

Lytic

Loss of bone

Deformative

Changes in overall bone shape

Antemortem

Before death

Perimortem

Just before or after death

Postmortem

After death

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease

Osteophytes

Bony projections

Eburnation

Results in dense and shiny bone

Osteoporosis

Lower than normal bone density

Osteopenia

Less severe form of osteoporosis

Porotic hyperostosis

Porous enlargement of bone tissue

Cribra orbitalia

Example of porotic hyperostosis

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A group of pathological conditions that result in osteoporosis and dental fragility

Osteomalacia and rickets

Examples of inadequate bone mineralization

Spinal skeletal deformities

Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Lordosis

Inward curve of lower spine

Kyphosis

Outward curve of thoracic spine

Scoliosis

Lateral deviations from sagittal plane

Craniosynostosis

Premature fusion of sutures

Hydrocephaly

Skull enlargement

Heterotopic ossification

Ossification of soft tissues such as cartilage and muscle

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

Proliferative ossification primarily affecting the vertebral column

Neoplasms

Tumors

Osteomyelitis

Infection of the bone

Tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis

Infectious diseases that affect bone

Blunt, high-velocity projectile, sharp, blast

examples of trauma

Incomplete (more common in children) and complete

Types of fractures

Osteogenic reaction

Formation of new bone

31,000 years ago

When was the earliest amputation

Base

sacrum, top part, includes wings, connects to spine

Sacral plateau

sacrum, flat body articulates with spine

Alae (singular: ala)

sacrum, superior wings on each side

Sacral canal

sacrum, triangular hole through top

Pelvic surface

sacrum, curvy edges near bottom

Dorsal surface

sacrum, scoliosis edge of scoliosis

Transverse lines

sacrum, horizontal stripes between foramina

Auricular surface

sacrum, ear shaped surface on sides

Superior articular facets

sacrum, flat surfaces on horns

Superior articular processes

sacrum, lil horns on top

Median sacral crest

sacrum, spine along the back

Facet for the coccyx

sacrum, flat bottom bit

Coccyx

what is this bone

Transverse process

coccyx, horizontal projections

Os coxae

Made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis

Acetabulum

os coxae, hollow that forms hip socket, articulates with femur

Acetabular fossa

os coxae, interior of acetabulum

Acetabular notch

os coxae, edge of acetabulum that meets foramen obturatum

Lunate surface

os coxae, upper crescent surrounding of acetabulum

Supraacetabular groove

os coxae, crown above acetabulum

Iliac blade

os coxae, wing surface of ilium

Inferior gluteal line

os coxae, line on iliac blade just above supraacetabular groove

Anterior gluteal line

os coxae, line in middle of iliac blade

Posterior gluteal line

os coxae, line on side of iliac blade

Auricular surface

os coxae, ear shaped surface next to iliac fossa

Iliac pillar

os coxae, thickening surface above acetabulum

Iliac tubercle

os coxae, thickening at superior terminus of iliac pillar

Iliac crest

os coxae, superior border of ilium

Iliac fossa

os coxae, smooth hollow on iliac blade

Anterior superior iliac spine

os coxae, spine located on anterior end of iliac crest

Anterior inferior iliac spine

os coxae, blunt projection on anterior border of os coxae, just above acetabulum

Posterior superior iliac spine

os coxae, posterior end of iliac crest

Posterior inferior iliac spine

os coxae, sharp projection near auricular surface

Preauricular sulcus

os coxae, groove along edge of auricular surface

Greater sciatic notch

os coxae, wide notch just below posterior inferior iliac spine

Ischial spine

os coxae, spine located just below greater sciatic notch

Lesser sciatic notch

os coxae, notch below ischial spine

Ischial tuberosity

os coxae, blunt, rough corner of os coxae

Superior pubic ramus (iliopubic ramus)

os coxae, connects pubis to ilium at acetabulum

Inferior pubic ramus (ischiopubic ramus)

os coxae, thin flat bone connecting pubis to ischium

Obturator foramen

os coxae, big hole

Pubic tubercle

os coxae, lil bump on pubic onset

Symphyseal surface

os coxae, articular surface to the side of pubic tubercle

Femur

what is this bone

Femoral head

femur, rounded proximal part

Femoral neck

femur, connects head to shaft

Greater trochanter

femur, bump to side of head

Intertrochanteric crest

femur, pit on inside of greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

femur, smaller bump

Gluteal tuberosity

femur, line down to linea aspera in line with greater trochanter

Femoral shaft

femur, longest part of bone

Linea aspera

femur, elevated ridge down shaft

Nutrient foramen (f)

femur, hole midshaft

Lateral condyle

femur, large protruding bump on lateral side

Lateral epicondyle

femur, convexity on lateral side of lateral condyle

Medial condyle

femur, large protruding bump on medial side

Medial epicondyle

femur, convexity on medial side of medial condyle

Intercondylar fossa

femur, excavated surface between condyles

Patellar surface

femur, notched area on anterior surface of distal femur

Patellar tendon

Stretches above patella to femur

Patellar ligament

Stretches down from patella to tibia

Patellar lip

femur, pointy corner of patellar surface

Patella

what is this bone

Apex

patella, triangular bit that points down

Lateral articular facet

patella, larger articular surface, lateral side

Medial articular facet

patella, smaller articular surface, medial side