exam 3 bio 200

A set of vocabulary flashcards designed to help students review key concepts in cellular biology and genetics.

Central Dogma

The framework for understanding the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Chromosomes

Structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information.

Karyotype

A visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

DNA Polymerase III

The enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication, but has limitations such as inability to start a new strand.

Leading Strand

The DNA strand synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork.

Lagging Strand

The DNA strand synthesized in short segments, away from the direction of the replication fork.

Cytokinesis

The process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

Synapsis

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, essential for crossing over.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Phenotype

The observable traits of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's principle stating that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation.

Independent Assortment

Mendel's principle stating that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Haploid

A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, as found in gametes.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A specialized type of cell division that reduces chromosome number by half, producing four non-identical haploid gametes.

Repair Mechanisms

Biological processes that detect and correct DNA replication errors or damage.