changing populations vocab

Population distribution

How people are spread out on earth

Population density

Number of people in a unit of area

Scale of analysis

Amount of area you’re considering

Local scale

Considering just a town/city

Regional scale

More than local, less than global

Global scale

Considering the whole world

Physical factors

Climate, natural resources, disasters

Human factors

Any way humans modify the earth

Arithmetic density

Synonym for population density

Physiological density

number of people per unit of farmland

Agricultural density

Number of farmers per unit of arable land

Carrying capacity

Number of people planet can support

Infrastructure

Roads, bridges, hospitals, schools, etc.

Urban services

Resources provided to people in cities

Natural resources

Found on earth, used by humans

Population composition

Age, sex, ethnicity traits of population

Population pyramid

Shows age and sex of population

Demographics

Data about human populations

Fertility rate

Average number of children born per female

Infant mortality rate

Number of babies who die before age one

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Number of births in a society in a year

Crude death rate (CDR)

Number of deaths in a society in a year

Life expectancy

Average human lifespan

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Average number of babies per woman

Natural increase rate (NIR)

Number of births and number of deaths

Doubling time/rate

Time it takes a population to double

Demographic transition model

Explain why CBR and CDR change

Sex ratio

Number of males compared to number of females

Malthusian theory

Too many people, not enough food

Epidemiologic transition model

Describes major cause of death

Pronatalist policy

Law to encourage more births

Antinatalist policy

Law to discourage more births

Dependency ratio

Old and young who can’t work for pay

Aging/graying population

High number of elderly people

Overpopulation

More people than available resources

population distributed where (2)

• people tend to stay near water

• Tend to stay away from cold and deserts

5 toos

• too hot

• Too cold

• too hilly

• Too dry

• Too wet

People settle (4)

• low elevation

• Fertile soil

• Temperate climates

• Near a body of water

Ecumene

The habitable areas of the world

Arithmetic meth

Total population/ land area

Physiological meth

Total population / arable land

Agricultural meth

Farmers / arable land

Arithmetic

• doesn’t account for population distribution

• No info on clustering or dispersal

• Population distribution changes based on scale of analysis

Physiological