Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

These flashcards review key terms and concepts related to glycolysis and cellular respiration based on lecture notes.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH in the process.

Pyruvate

A 3-carbon molecule produced at the end of glycolysis, which is transported into the mitochondria for further processing.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

A series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix, converting acetyl-CoA into CO2 and generating NADH and FADH2.

Acetyl-CoA

A central molecule in metabolism formed from pyruvate, fatty acids, and some amino acids, entering the citric acid cycle.

NADH

A reduced coenzyme that carries electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

FADH2

A reduced form of the coenzyme FAD that donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes and other molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a proton gradient.

Chemiosmosis

The process in which ATP is produced using the energy of the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells, generated during glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.