Nixon african american

What agency did President Nixon create in 1969 to support and fund African American entrepreneurs?

The Office of Minority Business Enterprise.

By how much did federal purchasing from black-owned businesses increase under the Nixon administration between 1969 and 1972?

It skyrocketed from just $13 million in 1969 to $142 million by 1972.

What policy did President Nixon implement to deliberately hire more African Americans to compensate for historical discrimination?

Affirmative action (a form of positive discrimination).

What was the 1970 Philadelphia Plan?

A federal initiative where Nixon forced the city of Philadelphia to meet strict quotas by hiring black workers.

What landmark 1971 Supreme Court case rejected challenges from white workers and unions, ruling that affirmative action was legal?

Contractors Association v. Secretary of Labor.

Which Vice President did Nixon task with overseeing the continued desegregation of the American school system?

Spiro Agnew.

What was the policy of "busing" championed by the Nixon administration?

Transporting students from predominantly black inner cities to majority-white suburban schools to end de facto economic segregation.

Which 1971 Supreme Court case ruled that busing was a completely legitimate practice to achieve school integration?

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.

What percentage of black students still attended segregated schools by the time of Nixon's resignation in 1974?

Only 8% of black students (down from massive majorities in previous decades).

Why did the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) suffer a major split in 1971?

Jesse Jackson left the SCLC to form a new civil rights group called PUSH (People United to Save Humanity).

What did SCLC leader Ralph Abernathy focus on protesting during the Nixon administration?

Nixon's heavy financial expenditure on the space program instead of addressing domestic black poverty and general poverty in Latin America.

What small activist organization was formed in 1974 to specifically represent black lesbians?

The Salsa Soul Sisters.

How did CORE's strategy change under the leadership of Roy Innis during the Nixon era?

CORE refocused entirely on black economic development, cooperated with the federal government, and supported Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign.

What legislative action did Nixon take in 1970 to preserve the core voting achievements of the Johnson administration?

He passed the Voting Rights Act of 1970, which formally extended the protections of the original 1965 Act.

How did Nixon respond when thirteen black Democratic congressmen formed the Congressional Black Caucus in 1971?

He flatly refused to meet with them.

What domestic campaign did Nixon declare in 1971 that went on to heavily impact the African American community?

The "War on Drugs" (which included the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, in 1973).

What unexpected stance did the NAACP take regarding substance abuse in 1973?

They supported the anti-drug push by demanding much harsher prison sentences for drug dealers.

By what percentage did the number of black Americans in prison rise between 1973 and 1980 as a result of the War on Drugs?

It rose by 48%.

What new cinematic genre was launched by the 1970 film "Watermelon Man"?

Blaxploitation (films starring black casts and produced by black studios).

Why was the popular 1972 Blaxploitation film "Superfly" heavily criticized despite exploring themes of Black Power?

It was criticized for negatively portraying black men as pimps.

Where and when was the very first Black History Month celebrated?

At Kent State University in 1970.