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Black Shirts
Fascist volunteers in charge of taking care of political enemies (secret police)
Black Tuesday
The day the stock market crashes in the U.S.
Bolsheviks
group of people in Russia who wanted communism in Russia
Capitalism
Economic system in which trade and industry are controlled privately
Communism
system in which all means of production are commonly owned rather than privately owned.
Credit
borrowing money to pay for items and promise to pay back that money
Duma
group of government that helped make decisions for Nicholas II
Third Reich
3rd German empire Hitler believed it would last 1000 years (lasted less than 15 years.)
Totalitarianism
political system in which the government holds total authority over the society and seeks to control everything.
Weimar Republic
name given to German democracy after WWI
Antisemitism
Hostility prejudice or extreme hate towards Jewish people
Aryan race
Hitlers idea of a perfect race: pure German blood, blond hair, and blue eyes.
Concentration camp
Camps during Holocaust where people were detained and confined
Extermination camp
camps that were built with the specific purpose of mass killing Jews
Final Solution
The Nazi policy of exterminating Jewish people
Genocide
deliberate killing of people with the intention of destroying there existence
Ghetto
poorly kept up part of the city where only Jewish people could live
Kristallnacht
also known as the night of the broken glass was an attack on Jews and Jewish property.
Nuremburg laws
anti-Jewish laws that made life extremely difficult and target Jews
Nuremburg trials
trials against Nazi leaders where it was determined what their punishments would be
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, United States, and the Soviet Union
Appeasement
Strategy used by France and Britain to give in to Hitler’s demands to avoid going to war.
blitzkerg
German war strategy known as lightning war attack using planes tanks and soldiers with great speed and fire power
Manhattan Project
research project that the help create the atomic bombs led by J. Robert Oppenheimer
Munich Confererance
Last minute meeting between Italy, Great Britain, France, and Germany
Nazi Soviet Pact
non-aggression agreement between Germany and USSR
Operation Barbarossa
German code name for the invasion of the Soviet union
Radar
technology used to show airplanes, helped GB in the battle of Britain.
Scorched Earth
Soviet strategy to burn and destroy everything as they return.
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Containment
Strategy to fight communism by containing it and not allowing it to spread.
Deterrence
US and USSR tried to discourage or deter an attack from the other by building more weapons.
Domino Theory
If one country fell to communism more countries would fall around it
Great Leap forward.
five year plan in communist China that centered around catching up to first world countries.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty organization that contained US, Canada and Western European countries (Non Communistic Iceland)
Puppet Government
Government that “had power” but were controlled by the Soviet union.
Space Race
competition between US and USSR in the field of space exploration.
38th Parallel
dividing line between North and South Korea
Truman Doctrine
US policy pledging to help any nation in the world that wanted to resist communism.
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union and Eastern European Communist.
Agent Orange
chemical poison that killed vegetation and trees.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
secret plan to invade Cuba and over throw Fidel Castro by the United States.
Berlin Wall
28 mile barrier between east and west Berlin
Cuban Missile Crisis
13 day period where both leaders were ready to use nuclear weapons at any moment.
De-Stalinization
process of overturning polices created by Stalin and trying to remove him from memory.
Glasnot
plan for greater openness in Soviet society which included free speech, press, and secret ballots.
Marshall Plan
Us program that provided 13 billion dollars to western Europe to prevent recovering countries from turning to communism.
Napalm
Highly flammable gasoline that causes burns.
Perestroika
a plan for reconstruction the Soviet economy moving away from total government control
Proxy war
a war between major powers without directly fighting each other.