History 2

Black Shirts

Fascist volunteers in charge of taking care of political enemies (secret police)

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashes in the U.S.

Bolsheviks

group of people in Russia who wanted communism in Russia

Capitalism

Economic system in which trade and industry are controlled privately

Communism

system in which all means of production are commonly owned rather than privately owned.

Credit

borrowing money to pay for items and promise to pay back that money

Duma

group of government that helped make decisions for Nicholas II

Third Reich

3rd German empire Hitler believed it would last 1000 years (lasted less than 15 years.)

Totalitarianism

political system in which the government holds total authority over the society and seeks to control everything.

Weimar Republic

name given to German democracy after WWI

Antisemitism

Hostility prejudice or extreme hate towards Jewish people

Aryan race

Hitlers idea of a perfect race: pure German blood, blond hair, and blue eyes.

Concentration camp

Camps during Holocaust where people were detained and confined

Extermination camp

camps that were built with the specific purpose of mass killing Jews

Final Solution

The Nazi policy of exterminating Jewish people

Genocide

deliberate killing of people with the intention of destroying there existence

Ghetto

poorly kept up part of the city where only Jewish people could live

Kristallnacht

also known as the night of the broken glass was an attack on Jews and Jewish property.

Nuremburg laws

anti-Jewish laws that made life extremely difficult and target Jews

Nuremburg trials

trials against Nazi leaders where it was determined what their punishments would be

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, United States, and the Soviet Union

Appeasement

Strategy used by France and Britain to give in to Hitler’s demands to avoid going to war.

blitzkerg

German war strategy known as lightning war attack using planes tanks and soldiers with great speed and fire power

Manhattan Project

research project that the help create the atomic bombs led by J. Robert Oppenheimer

Munich Confererance

Last minute meeting between Italy, Great Britain, France, and Germany

Nazi Soviet Pact

non-aggression agreement between Germany and USSR

Operation Barbarossa

German code name for the invasion of the Soviet union

Radar

technology used to show airplanes, helped GB in the battle of Britain.

Scorched Earth

Soviet strategy to burn and destroy everything as they return.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Containment

Strategy to fight communism by containing it and not allowing it to spread.

Deterrence

US and USSR tried to discourage or deter an attack from the other by building more weapons.

Domino Theory

If one country fell to communism more countries would fall around it

Great Leap forward.

five year plan in communist China that centered around catching up to first world countries.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty organization that contained US, Canada and Western European countries (Non Communistic Iceland)

Puppet Government

Government that “had power” but were controlled by the Soviet union.

Space Race

competition between US and USSR in the field of space exploration.

38th Parallel

dividing line between North and South Korea

Truman Doctrine

US policy pledging to help any nation in the world that wanted to resist communism.

Warsaw Pact

Soviet Union and Eastern European Communist.

Agent Orange

chemical poison that killed vegetation and trees.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

secret plan to invade Cuba and over throw Fidel Castro by the United States.

Berlin Wall

28 mile barrier between east and west Berlin

Cuban Missile Crisis

13 day period where both leaders were ready to use nuclear weapons at any moment.

De-Stalinization

process of overturning polices created by Stalin and trying to remove him from memory.

Glasnot

plan for greater openness in Soviet society which included free speech, press, and secret ballots.

Marshall Plan

Us program that provided 13 billion dollars to western Europe to prevent recovering countries from turning to communism.

Napalm

Highly flammable gasoline that causes burns.

Perestroika

a plan for reconstruction the Soviet economy moving away from total government control

Proxy war

a war between major powers without directly fighting each other.