AP World History Chapter 22 Reading Quiz, AP World History Chapter 21 Reading Quiz

In the Global South, which of the following was the standard by which people measured and granted legitimacy to their governments?

Economic Development

Which of the following resulted from the so-called White Revolution of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in Iran?

Discontent and resentment that paved the way for an Islamic revolution

Which of the following exercised the dominant power in the new government established in the wake of the Iranian revolution?

Islamic clerics

In contrast to the first decolonization of the Americas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the struggles for independence in Africa and Asia int he second half to eh twentieth century

affirmed the vitality of precolonial cultures

Which of the following groups favored a broad alliance of everyone opposed to apartheid regardless of race?

the African National Congress

In contrast to previous foreign rulers in India, the British were the only ones to

never assimilate into Indian society

What distinguished the end of Europe's African and Asian colonial empires in the second half of the twentieth century from other cases of imperial disintegration?

the mobilization of the masses around a nationalist ideology

what did all nationalist movements in Asia and Africa in the second half to the twentieth century share in common?

the goal of political independence

the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürkin turkey in the early twentieth century

removed Islam from public life

Which of the following was a social or economic circumstance within the European colonies that contributed to anticolonial movements?

The growing number of Western-educated colonial elites who no longer viewed colonial rule as a vehicle for their people's progress

Which of the following was a common characteristic of the leaders of independence movements in European colonies in Asia and Africa in the second half of the twentieth century?

they were educated

Which of the following describes a feature of the strategy of the African National Congress in their resistance to the South African government from 1950 to 1994?

Non-violent civil disobedience against apartheid

Which of the following characterized Mohandas Gandhi's agenda in India's struggle for independence?

Non-violent civil disobedience against apartheid

Which of the following reflects a task of newly independent nation-states in the aftermath of decolonization in Africa and Asia in the second half of the twentieth century?

the building of modern economies, stable politics, and coherent nations

Which group of developing countries has been the most successful in stimulating economic growth and industrialization in the late twentieth century?

East Asian economies

Which of the following served as a unifying factor in South Asia before British colonial rule?

Geography

Which of the following represented a form of imperialism without territorial possessions that came under attack in the twentieth century?

U.S. influence in Latin America

What accounts for the resurgence of democracy in many developing countries in the decades since the 1980s?

the failure of authoritarian governments to address economic and social problems

Which government launched a revolutionary but short-lived program to achieve a peaceful transition to socialism in the early 1970s?

Chile under Salvador Allende

How did the system of apartheid in South Africa come to an end?

through negotiations between the white South African government and black South African nationalist leaders

In contrast to Indian's struggle for independence in the twentieth century, black South African's struggle for control for their country was

waged against an internal community of permanent white settlers who controlled the country

Which of the following describes how the Ayatollah Khomeini viewed the revolution he had launched in Iran?

as a model for other Islamic countries to follow

Which of the following countries became a new nation-state in the late 1940s?

Israel

Which of the following characterizes the economic strategy of most countries in the developing world since the late twentieth century?

Dependence on the market to generate economic growth

in the partition of British India in 1947, why was Pakistan made up of two regions flanking India?

the two regions were populated mostly by Muslims

Which of the following represented a fundamental contradiction that undermined the colonial enterprise in the second half of the twentieth century?

The ideal of national self-determination was at odds with the denial of independence to colonies

In Africa in the early 1980s, what happened to the political parties that had led the movements for independence from colonial rule?

most were soon swept away by military coups

Which of the following changes in the international arena in the second half of the twentieth century contributed to the end of European colonial rule?

The United Nations provided an international platform from which to conduct anti-colonial agitation

Which of the following was an initial goal of the Indian National Congress (INC)?

Gaining positions of influence in British India to protect Indian interests

In Africa, which of the following contributed to the loss of popular support for the democratic institutions established int he wake of independence from colonial rule?

Poor economic performance

Which of the following was a criticism of the soviet model of industrialization made by Chinese leaders in the mid-1950s?

It promoted individualistic and careerist values

Which of the following contributed to the failure of Soviet reforms to strengthen socialism and revive a stagnant economy?

The planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system could emerge

Int eh twenty-first century, international tensions born of communism remain in

East Asia and the Caribbean

How did the cold war affect countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century?

Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support

Which of the following countries' membership in the "second world" of communist countries occurred without Soviet military intervention?

Cuba

Which of the following countries was an arena for a "hot war" between Soviet-backed communist forces and U.S. backed resistance forces?

Afghanistan

What did the different expression of global communism in the twentieth century share in common?

A common ideology derived from European Marxism

Which of the following was a value emphasized in the socialist modernity of communist states?

Equality

What effect did the Soviet policy of glasnost have on the communist countries in Eastern Europe?

It sparked demonstrations that toppled the communist states in Eastern Europe

Which of the following occurred in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of communism?

open conflict among different ethnic groups living within the same state

Which of the following events in China was most similar to the search for "enemies of the people" in the Soviet Terror of the late 1930s?

The Tiananmen Incident

What did the Russian and Chinese revolutions share in common with the French Revolution?

A vision of the good society in a modernizing future

Which of the following highlights the failure of Soviet policy int he 1930s to live up to its promises?

"How can we liquidate classes, if new classes have developed here, with the only difference being that they are not called classes?

Which of the following was a phrase used during the Soviet Terror to describe the activities in the gulag camps?

Land Improvement

Whose perspective is expressed in the following statement from the Soviet Union? "Each of us fought alone to keep an honest name and save the honor of our friends, although it would have been far easier to die than to endure this hell month after month."

A revolutionary imprisoned during the Great Purges

Which color is associated with the new society created by the communist revolution in China?

Red

Which of the following to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution?

The pressures of World War I

Which of the following describes relations among those countries controlled by communist parties?

Bitter and divisive conflict undermined any sense of communist solidarity

Which of the following reflects aspects of the Chinese Communist Party's strategy on this revolutionary path to power?

Land reform and guerrilla warfare

The tensions of the cold war strengthened the influence of which of the following on the governments of the united States and the Soviet Union?

the military-industrial complex

In what respect did the communist movements in the twentieth century depart from Marxist theory?

They occurred in largely agrarian societies

In contrast to China, the collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union

was marked by extensive violence and the execution or deportation of wealthier peasants

Which of the following made modernization more difficult in China than in Russia?

The larger population in China

Which of the following refers to the military alliance that united the Soviet Union with Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist countries during the cold war?

The Warsaw Pact

Which of the following was a feature common in both Soviet and Chinese policies toward women?

They were largely state-directed

Which of the following contributed to the Bolsheviks' victory in the Russian civil war?

The divisions among their opponents

What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns-the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?

The death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism

Which of the following promises made by the Bolsheviks resonated with the majority of the Russian population in 1917?

Worker control of factories

Which of the following was a feature of most communist states?

Mass organizations controlled by the Communist Party

What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?

Rapid economic growth based on Capitalist models

In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China

focused on building peasant support in the countryside

Which of the following as a feature of both Soviet and Chinese reforms in the 1980s and 1990s?

Welcoming foreign investment in joint enterprises

Which of the following contributed to American global influence in the decades following World War II?

a productive economy in a country untouched by the destruction of war