AP Human Geography: Global Economic Development

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to global economic development and urbanization, facilitating review for the AP Human Geography exam.

Economic Activity

Decisions influencing where businesses operate, produce, and transport goods.

Environmental Laws

Government regulations dictating pollution, resource extraction, and conservation affecting industry location.

Labor Availability

The presence of a skilled workforce at competitive wages, crucial for manufacturing and services.

Access to Markets

Proximity to consumers or businesses to minimize transportation costs and delivery time.

Break-of-Bulk Points

Locations where transportation modes change for goods, often serving as hubs for distribution.

Primate City

A disproportionately large city that dominates its country's economy, politics, and culture.

Multiplier Effects

The increase in overall economic output and employment due to an initial economic injection.

Industrialization

The large-scale development of industries in a country or region, leading to economic and social changes.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

An index measuring gender inequality across reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income to rank countries.

Sustainable Development

Economic growth that meets present needs without compromising future generations.

Just-in-Time (JIT) Production

A manufacturing strategy where materials are delivered only as needed to reduce inventory costs.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel that conserves the environment and supports the well-being of local communities.

Deindustrialization

The decline of industrial activity in an economy, often resulting in job losses in manufacturing.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies and cultures through trade and investment.

Dependency Theory

The concept suggesting that less-developed countries rely on more-developed ones for survival.

Transport Costs

Expenses related to moving raw materials and finished goods that businesses aim to minimize.

Natural Increase Rate

The difference between birth rate and death rate in a population.

Coal Miner Employment

Refers to the trends in productivity vs. employment levels in coal mining due to technological advancements.

Outsourced Industrial Production

Hiring external companies, often in lower-cost countries, to produce parts or assemble products.

Economic Bloc

A group of countries collaborating to promote trade and economic cooperation among themselves.

Navigable Rivers

Waterways that are used for transportation, historically significant for moving goods inland.