TEAS EXAM: Anatomy

head (anatomical terminology)

cephalic

skull (anatomical terminology)

cranial

face (anatomical terminology)

facial

neck (anatomical terminology)

cervial

armpit (anatomical terminology)

axillary

arm (anatomical terminology)

brachial

front of elbow (anatomical terminology)

antecubital

forearm (anatomical terminology)

anterbrachial

wrist (anatomical terminology)

carpal

palm (anatomical terminology)

palmar

thumb (anatomical terminology)

pollex

fingers (anatomical terminology)

digital or phalangeal

thigh (anatomical terminology)

femoral

front of knee (anatomical terminology)

patella

shin (anatomical terminology)

cural

foot (anatomical terminology)

pedal

ankle (anatomical terminology)

tarsal

toes (anatomical terminology)

digital or phalangeal

top of foot (anatomical terminology)

dorsum

great toe (anatomical terminology)

hallux

breastbone (anatomical terminology)

sternal

chest (anatomical terminology)

thoracic

breast (anatomical terminology)

mammary

abdomen (anatomical terminology)

abdominal

navel (anatomical terminology)

umbilical

hip (anatomical terminology)

coxa

pelvis (anatomical terminology)

pelvic

groin (anatomical terminology)

inguinal

pubis (anatomical terminology)

pubic

back of hand (anatomical terminology)

dorsum

hand (anatomical terminology)

manual

forehead (anatomical terminology)

frontal

temple (anatomical terminology)

temporal

eye (anatomical terminology)

orbital or occular

ear (anatomical terminology)

octic

cheek (anatomical terminology)

buccal

nose (anatomical terminology)

nasal

mouth (anatomical terminology)

oral

chin (anatomical terminology)

mental

base of skull (anatomical terminology)

occipital

shoulder (anatomical terminology)

acromial

shoulder blade (anatomical terminology)

scapular

spinal column (anatomical terminology)

vertebral

back (anatomical terminology)

dorsal

back of elbow (anatomical terminology)

olecranal or cubital

loin (anatomical terminology)

lumbar

between hips (anatomical terminology)

sacral

tailbone (anatomical terminology)

coccygeal

buttock (anatomical terminology)

gluteal

area between anus and external genitals (anatomical terminology)

perineal

back of knee (anatomical terminology)

popliteal

calf (anatomical terminology)

sural

foot sole (anatomical terminology)

plantar

heel (anatomical terminology)

calcaneal

divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section.

coronal plane

divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a lower (inferior) section.

transverse plane

divides the body into a left section and a right section.

saggital plane

toward the head end of the body

superior or cranial

away from the head

inferior or caudal

front

anterior or ventral

back of body

posterior or dorsal

toward the midline of the body

medial

away from the midline of the body

lateral

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part

proximal

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part

distal

why are alveoli important

they maximize surface area for gas exchange of O2 and CO2

What is ventalation?

the exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in lungs

which structure connects the larynx to the lungs?

trachea

Why does the trachea not collapse?

it is reinforced with cartilage rings

What are bronchioles?

small passages in lungs that connect the bronchi to alveoli

what are bronchi?

main passage directly attached to lungs

what is alveoli?

tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place

What is surfactant and where is it located?

a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli

Type II alveolar

What is mediastinum?

space between lungs where heart is

How many lobes does the right and left lung have

right 3 - superior , middle , inferior

left 2 - superior and inferior

What membrane surrounds lungs ?

pleura

Function of pleural fluid?

reduces friction during breathing

where does gas exchange occur ?

between alveoli and capillaries

What is diffusion?

passive movement from area of high concentration to low.

During gas exchange where does CO2 move?

blood to the alveoli

What factors increase diffusion ?

greater surface area

larger concentration gradient

shorter distance

what muscles are involved in ventilation ?

diaphragm and intercostal

what happens during inhalation?

diaphragm contracts , lung volume increases , and air is drawn in

what happens during exhalation?

diaphragm relaxes , lung volume decreases , air is pushed out

tidal volume ?

amount of air inhaled/exhaled during a normal breath

what is residual volume?

air remaining in lungs after exhalation

what part of the brain controls breathing?

medulla oblongata

what happens to respiration rate if pH decreases

respiration rate increases

what are allergies?

immune response to foreign substances that are not pathogens

What are the main parts of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.

How many chambers does the heart have?

Four chambers.

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Atria.

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Ventricles.

What is the function of valves in the heart?

They control one-way blood flow.

What does the superior vena cava do?

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

What does the inferior vena cava do?

Returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

What does the pulmonary artery carry?

Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

What do pulmonary veins carry?

Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

What is the largest artery in the body?

The aorta.

Which chamber pumps blood to the body?

Left ventricle.