Test #6 Chemistry Test

What is the nature of solutes in solutions?

They spread evenly throughout the solution, cannot be separated by filtration, can be separated by evaporation, are not visible, may give color to the solution, and do not scatter light.

What is a colloid?

A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture with larger particle sizes that appear cloudy and scatter light. They do not separate upon standing and cannot be separated by filtration.

What happens to the particles in a suspension?

They will separate and settle out upon standing and can be separated by filtration.

Why is water considered the universal solvent?

Because more substances dissolve in water than in any other chemical due to its polarity.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solid solutes?

When temperature increases, the solubility of solid solutes also increases.

Define an unsaturated solution.

An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute can still dissolve.

What ions are produced when dissolving 1 mole of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3?

It produces 2 Al3+ ions and 3 sulfate ions.

What are electrolytes?

Substances that dissolve in water to give a solution that conducts electric current, such as ionic salts, acids, and bases.

What is the difference between strong and weak electrolytes?

Strong electrolytes dissociate 100% and have high conductivity, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate and have slight conductivity.

What calculation is used to determine percent mass/volume?

%volume or mass = (solute/solution) * 100, where solution = solvent + solute.

What are colligative properties?

Properties that depend on the total number of solute particles present, such as vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure.

What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution is one in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

How does pressure affect the solubility of gases in liquids?

Increased pressure increases the solubility of gases in liquids.

What is the role of a solvent in a solution?

A solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute and is usually present in the largest amount.

What are some common examples of strong electrolytes?

Common examples include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).

What is boiling point elevation and how is it related to colligative properties?

Boiling point elevation is the increase in boiling point that occurs when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, and it is a type of colligative property.

How do you prepare a solution with a specific molarity?

To prepare a solution with a specific molarity, dissolve the desired amount of solute in enough solvent to reach the desired total volume.

What happens to the properties of a solution when more solute is added?

The boiling point increases, freezing point decreases, and vapor pressure is lowered.

What is the freezing point depression?

Freezing point depression is the lowering of the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.