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Corrupt Bargain

A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.

Labor Union (5)

organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Mudslinging (5)

the act or practice of publicly saying false or bad things about someone (such as a political opponent) in order to harm that person's reputation.

Protective Tariff (5)

Protective tariffs are tariffs that are enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry.

Strike (5)A strike is an organized stoppage of work conducted by laborers in order to impose bargaining power against employers.

A strike is an organized stoppage of work conducted by laborers in order to impose bargaining power against employers.

Favorite Son

A candidate for national office who has support mostly from his home state

Free Enterprise System (5)

an economic system that provides individuals the opportunity to make their own economic decisions, free of government constraints, and as private profit-potential businesses

Secede (6)

withdraw formally from membership of a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization

Suffrage (6)

the right to vote in political elections.

Abolition (6)

The movement to make slavery and the slave trade illegal. Begun by Quakers in England in the 1780s.

Nativism (6)

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Penitentiary (6)

a prison for people convicted of serious crimes

Emancipation (6)

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

Secularize (7)

convert from religious to secular possession or use.

Vaquero (7)

a Spanish term for cowboy

Annexation (7)

the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation

Resolution (7)

a firm decision to do or not to do something.

Secure (7)

free from danger or the threat of harm or unwanted access; safe

Squatter (7)

people who settle on land they do not own

Mestizo (7)

person of mixed European and Native American ancestry

Seminoles (5)

A tribe of Native Americans who inhabited Florida. Lost war and were removed to west of the Mississippi in 1840s.

Eli Whitney (5)

Invented the cotton gin

Francis C. Lowell (5)

opened a series of textile mills in massachusetts; introduced mass production of cotton cloth to the u.s.

Robert Fulton (5)

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

Frederick Douglass (5)

Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action

Andrew Jackson (6)

The seventh President of the United States As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws.

John C. Calhoun (6)

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

John Tyler (6)

elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery

William Henry Harrison (6)

was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Horace Mann (6)

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education; "Father of the public school system"

Lyman Beecher (6)

Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United States.

Charles Grandison Finney (6)

An evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (6)

A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott

John Deere (7)

American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow; made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster.

John Frémont (7)

an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

James Polk (7)

11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion; led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration

Sam Houston (7)

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

John Sutter (7)

Owner of the mill where gold was discovered that helped start the California Gold Rush

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (7)

Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)

Explain two differences between the Federalists and Republicans.

Federalists believed that government should have a minimal contact and influence over people whereas Republicans believed in a close contact between government and people.

Explain Jay's Treaty, what were the positive outcomes of Jay's Treaty?

Jay's treaty promised the evacuation of the troops in the U.S. from the Revolution and it also prevented war with Britain.

Who was tasked with exploring the Louisiana Territory after Jefferson purchased it and can you explain their journey?

Lewis and Clark

In what ways did the United States become more democratic in the early 1800s?

One of the main ways was through the expansion of suffrage, or the right to vote, to more groups of people, such as white men without property requirements.

Why did President Jackson support the spoils system?

he believed that it would help to break up the power of the political elite and make government more responsive to the will of the people. Additionally, he believed that it would increase political participation and bring new talent and ideas into government.

What caused the Nullification Crisis? Define the Force Bill

caused by the state of South Carolina's belief that it had the right to nullify federal tariffs within its own borders. The Force Bill, also known as the "Force Act," was a federal law passed in 1833 that authorized President Andrew Jackson to use military force to enforce federal tariffs and laws in South Carolina and any other state that sought to nullify them

On what document did the Seneca Falls Declaration base the "Declaration of Sentiments"?

The Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence and borrowed language from the antislavery movement, demanding that women be given full rights of citizenship

·What does the "Declaration of Sentiments" ask all women to do?

It called upon women to organize and to petition for their rights.

African American Abolitionists

three African-American abolitionists surpassed others in impact. They were David Walker, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth.

Response to Abolitionism - (North)

Abolitionist preaching led to heightened tensions in the North as well. In 1834-1835, such tensions resulted in riots in New York City and in Philadelphia.

Response to Abolitionism - (South)

Many Southerners, plantation owners, politicians, and voters argued that abolitionism was an attack to their entire way of life. They saw slavery as the key to the region's economy.

Describe Jackson's opinion on the Second Bank of the United States.

Jackson's distrust of the Bank was also political, based on a belief that a federal institution such as the Bank trampled on states' rights

How did the system of checks and balances in the federal government fail during the struggle over the Indian Removal Act?

The Cherokee Nation managed to bring its case to the supreme court, which found in the Indians Favor

What was the Trail of Tears

In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.

Compare the Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs.

Whigs wanted an increased government development from federal government. Jacksonian Democrats wanted less government impact. boycott

How did the Second Great Awakening affect the reform movements of the mid-1800s?

the Second Great Awakening set the stage for equally enthusiastic social reform movements, especially abolitionism and temperance.

What principle was the basis for the drive for public education?

a democratic republic could only survive if the electorate was well educated.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

Gathering of supporters of women's rights in July 1845 that launched women's rights to vote.

What did reformers hope to change in alcohol consumption and the prison syste m?

Reformers identified liquor as the cause of a wide range of social, family, and personal problems

Why did nativism become so strong in the mid-1800s?

Nativism arose out of the tensions between native-born Americans and newly-arrived immigrants.

What pushed Irish and German people to immigrate to the US in the mid-1800s?

Most of them came because of civil unrest, severe unemployment or almost inconceivable hardships at home.

What was the basic message of the Second Great Awakening?

the Second Great Awakening emphasized the importance of converting people to Protestant Christianity.

What were the main themes of American writers in the early 1800s?

American romantic writers explored themes of individualism, intuitive perception and the inherent goodness of the natural world.