Intro to Muscular System/Muscle name indications

Maximus

largest

Minimus

smallest

Medius

intermediate in size

Major

larger

Minor

smaller

Brevis

Shorter/est

Longus

longest

Vastus

great or huge

Deltoid

triangular

Rhomboid

diamond shaped

Quadratus

square or four-sided

Trapezius

trapazoidal shaped

Serratus

saw-toothed

Teres

round or cylindrical shaped

Platysma

flat

Pectoral

chest

Brachii

arm

Carpus

wrist

Palmaris

palm of the hand

Digiti

finger or toe, singular

Digitorum

finger or toes, plural

Indicis

index finger

Hallucis

great or big toe

Femoris

thigh

Gluteus

gluteal or buttock region

Tibialis

lower leg or shin bone

Peroneus

fibula, sometimes fibularis is used

Spina, Spinalis

spine

Spinatus

spine of the scapula

Pollicis

thumb

Oculi

eye

Oris

mouth

Labii

lips

Capitis

Head

Cervicis

neck

Thoracis

thorax

Abdominis

abdomin

Lumborum

lower back or lumbar

Scapularis

scapula or shoulder blade

Costals

ribs

Lateralis

located to the side or laterally

Medialis

located toward the middle or midline

Anterior

toward the front or anterior surface

Posterior

toward the rear or posterior surface

Superior or Superficialis

superficial or toward the surface

Inferior

underneath or away from the surface

Profundus

located deep

Supra

above or over

Infra

below or beneath

Sub

below or under

Internal

inner

Inter

between

Dorsi

of the back

Rectus

straight, or "erect", specifically meaning parallel to the midline

Transversus

perpendicular to the midline

Oblique

slanted or diagonal to the midline

Orbicularis, Sphincter

a name given to ringlike muscles that encircle and orifice and that may form a constricting passage

ceps

heads

head

major division of a muscle that has its own tendon

Biceps

two heads

Triceps

three heads

Quadriceps

four heads

Flexor

flexes joint

Extensor

extends joint

Levator

elevates a structure or part

Depressor

depresses a structure or part

Opponens

Refers to thumb actions only and named for the action of opposition, which is when the tip of the thumb is brought into contact with other fingers

Sartorius Muscle

Derived from the muscles activity when crossing the legs and named after the Latin word for tailer, sartor. Tailors used to sit on the floor cross-legged to do their work, before sewing machines were invented. Other explanations are also put forth, such as the cross-legged pedaling action of old sewing machines, which enlarged the muscle in tailors, and the muscles location along the "inseam."

Buccinator

Derived from the muscles action in compressing the cheeks, which occurs when pursing the lips and blowing forcefully, as when playing the trumpet. The word buccinator means "trumpet player" so the buccinator is the "trumpet player muscle."

Risorius:

Derived from this facial muscle's action in producing the facial expression associated with laughter, which is risor in Latin. The actual expression of the muscle is more appropriately described as a grimace.

Masseter

Derived from the muscles major action in chewing, coming from the Greek masētēr, meaning "a chewer"

Sternocleidomastoid

Sterno and cleido for its origin, the sternum and clavicle; and mastoid for its insertion, the mastoid process.

Brachioradialis

Brachio for its origin on the upper arm and radialis for its insertion on the radius of the forearm.

Genioglossus

Genio for its origin on the chin or "geneion" and glossus for its insertion on the tongue (glossus).

Sternohyoid

Sterno for its origin on the sternum and hyoid for its insertion at the hyoid bone.

Coracobrachialis

Coraco for its origin on the corocoid process of the scapula and brachialis for its insertion on the humerus of the upper arm

The human body has more than

___?_______ individual muscles

600

Explain how do muscles cause bones and supported structures to move?

By alternating between contraction and relaxation

Identify 4 functions of muscles?

Movement

Stability

Control of body openings and passages

Heat production

Describe the make up of muscle ("ladder")

Muscle

Fascicles

Myocyte (muscle fiber/cell)

Myofibrils

Filaments

Identify how are skeletal muscles attached to bone?

Tendon

In order to move joints, skeletal muscle must ______________?

Cross the joints

Identify where are smooth muscles found?

Found in hollow organ walls

Explain what do smooth muscle contractions produce?

Their contractions produce movement of organ contents

Explain what is the function of cardiac muscle?

Produces atrial and ventricular contractions which pumps blood from the heart into the blood vessels

Explain what source of energy is released with a muscle contraction?

Heat

Identify what involuntary action does our bodies make in order to to warm up when we are cold?

Shivering

Identify what is a muscle cell called?

Myocyte

Identify what is a sarcolemma?`

Membrane of a myocyte

Identify what is a sarcoplasm?

Gel-like substance inside of a myocyte

Explain what produces muscles striations?

Arrangement of filaments in myofibrils

Explain what is the perimysium of a muscle?

Connective tissue that holds a bundle of muscle fibers (fascicles) together

Explain what is the endomysium of a muscle?

Connective tissue that holds a muscle fiber (bundle of myofibrils) together

Explain what is the major function of skeletal muscles?

Produces body movements

Explain what is the major function of smooth muscles?

Moves contents through organs involuntarily

Explain what is the major function of cardiac muscles?

Pumps blood through heart involuntarily

Explain what does the neurotransmitter acetylcholine cause skeletal muscles to do?

Contract

Following contraction, muscles release the enzyme ______?__________

Acetylcholinesterase

Explain what does acetylcholinesterase do in skeletal muscles?

Breaks down acetylcholine, Allows muscle to relax

List 2 types of smooth muscles?

Multi-unit smooth muscle and Visceral smooth muscle