approach to eq fractures

What are the presenting signs of acute/severe fractures?

Conformational abnormalities, severe lameness, pain, and crepitus.

What signs are associated with non-displaced fractures?

Minimal lameness and localising signs.

What is noted in case of articular involvement in fractures?

Joint effusion.

What are key historical questions to ask when assessing a fracture?

History of trauma, sudden onset of lameness, and occurrence of swelling.

What investigations are performed for fractures?

Palpation, sedation/analgesia, radiography, ultrasound for pelvic fractures, and gamma scintigraphy for stress fractures.

What is the most common cause of fractures?

Trauma, including acute (kick, fall) and chronic (stress fractures in racehorses).

What immediate management step is required for fractures?

Immediate stabilisation.

What surgical methods are commonly used for fracture repair?

Lag screws, position screws, and plate screws.

Under what circumstances might euthanasia be considered for a fractured horse?

Irreparable fractures, inability to stabilise/transport, poor long-term quality of life, cost of treatment, or inability to tolerate rehabilitation.

What are potential complications associated with fractures?

Degenerative joint disease, osteomyelitis, soft tissue involvement, non-healing fractures, sequestrum formation, and laminitis.