BNA UNIT 8 - STUDY GUIDE

The excessive loss of blood in a short period of time is called... what?!?

Hemorrhage

Someone that has Hemorhhage, what do you do?

DIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND IMMEDIATELY

Three major signs of Cardiac Arrest are ... what?!?

NO RESPONSE, NO PULSE, NO BREATHING

A person is in respiratory arrest, what will happen if breathing is not

restored?

A. Cardiac Arrest

3 multiple choice options

CPR STANDS FOR... what?!?

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

What is used to open the airway during cardiac arrest?

C. Head tilt chin lift

3 multiple choice options

when breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes is called... what?!?

Respiratory arrest

Common causes of respiratory arrest are called... are?!?

Drowning, Drug overdose, Choking

a life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen is called... what?!?

Anaphylaxis

Common antigens of Anaphylaxis are... what?!?

Bee stings, Peanuts, Shellfish

The person becomes light-headed and may or may not loose consciousness, what is this called?

FAINTING

have the person sit or lie down if... what?!?

someone is about to faint

If you burn yourself and waiting for help to arrive... then what?!?

COVER THE BURN WITH STERILE DRY DRESSING OR CLEAN CLOTH

You are a C.N.A. on the unit and a co-worker tells you, "your patient is

convulsing" What is another term for this?

C. Seizure

3 multiple choice options

If an individual has a seizure, the nurse assistant's primary goal should be

to... what?!?

PROTECT THE RESIDENT'S HEAD

a violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups is called... what?!?

seizure

a medical emergency and treatment involves treating the cause... what?!?

Delirium

Common causes of delirium include... what?!?

INFECTIONS, SURGERY, BLOW TO THE HEAD AND DRUG INTERACTIONS

Changes in the nervous system from aging can result in... what?!?

BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN BEING REDUCED AND SLEEP PATTERN CHANGES

the most common type of dementia is... what?!?

Alzheimer's disease

a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and

possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and

respond to the environment is called... what?!?

Alzheimer's disease

A.D involves parts of the brain that control... what?!?

memory, reasoning, judgement and behavior

What is common in people with AD?

Sleep disturbances

The classic sign of AD is... what?!?

GRADUAL LOSS OF SHORT TERM MEMORY

Define Dementia

the loss of cognitive and social function and can be caused by a variety of reasons

Some forms of dementia are ... what?!?

reversible

When communicating with someone with AD... what?!?

give simple, short responses

If someone with AD is screaming... what?!?

this can be their way of COMMUNICATING

To help someone with reality orientation to time and place, what do you do?

keep their clock in their room visible and on the right time

To help someone maintain their thinking abilities, the NA should do... what?!?

each shift tell the person the date, time and place

In AD, plaques and tangles in the brain are severe. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

Plaques and tangles cause ... what?!?

neurons in the brain to die

Cognition relates to... what?!?

KNOWLEDGE

Cognitive function includes... what?!?

MEMORY, REASONING, JUDGEMENT AND BEHAVIOR

When brain has plaques and twists, what does the brain do?

shrink and cognition is impaired

What is it called when behaviors of dementia increase during hours of darkness?

Sundowning

People with AD may have... what?!?

catastrophic reactions

overreactions to a seemingly normal occurrence is called... what?!?

Catastrophic reactions

What is caused by TOO MUCH STIMULI??

Catastrophic reactions

Mr. Jones has AD and lives at home with his family. To promote safety...

D. Place safety covers on stove knobs

3 multiple choice options

Mrs. Barnes has AD and she doesn't like eating with others and wants to

eat by herself in her room. The next day she tells her nurse assistant that

she doesn't like eating alone and wants help getting to the dining room.

What is the best response by the nurse assistant?

B. The NA should help Mrs. Barnes get dressed and take her to the dining room

3 multiple choice options

What is it called when to accept and show that a person's feelings and needs have meaning??

Validation

a powerful tool for helping people with AD understand that their life still has meaning is called... what?!?

Validation therapy

If an individual is confused, it is extremely important to... what?!?

EXPLAIN WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO AND GIVE A BRIEF REASON

When caring for someone who is confused... what?!?

PROVIDE CARE IN A CALM, RELAXED MANNER AND USE TOUCH TO COMMUNICATE

People with AD need... what?!?

SUPPORT AND UNDERSTANDING

NO CODE MEANS... what?!?

DO NOT RESUSCITATE

If a patient decides they do not want life-saving measures, it is important to... what?!?

RESPECT THEIR DECISION

The NA taking care of a dying resident should... what?!?

report any signs or symptoms pain to the nurse

When a person is dying... what?!?

ASSUME THE PERSON CAN HEAR YOU

During the dying process, the NA may observe the person's breathing pattern change to respirations gradually increasing in rate and depth,

then becoming slow, and stopping for 10-20 seconds. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

When taking care of a terminally ill resident, should show... what?!?

COMPASSION

Show compassion to the family by allowing them to express their emotions to their Dying patient. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

To show compassion to the family with a dying patient, You could say "It is okay to feel sad." True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

5 stages of dying is called... what?!?

Denial,Anger,Bargaining,Depression,Acceptance

Define Denial

The person may deny that they are dying. They may feel their doctor got it wrong and they are going to be fine

Define Anger

The person is angry at their doctor, family, God or themselves

Define Bargaining

The person may bargain with God for more time

Define Depression

The person knows they are going to die and distances themselves from others

Define Acceptance

The person accepts death and becomes calm and peaceful

After a resident dies, the NA will assist with... what?!?

post mortem care

Post mortem care is done to maintain... what?!?

a good appearance of the dead body

The first information the NA needs from the nurse before performing post mortem care is... what?!?

IF THE FAMILY WISHES TO VIEW THE BODY

Even after death it is important to respect the person's right to privacy. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

When giving Care for the dying person... what do you do?!?

Perform frequent oral hygiene for comfort

How many times should skincare be performed every shift dor a dying person?

once per shift

Re-position the dying person every 2 hours or as requested by the patient, family or nurse. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

Signs of a Dying Person are... what?!?

LOW BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGH PULSE RATE, DISCOLORATION TO HANDS A FEET (MOTTLING) HIGH FEVER

Which respirations are common when death is near?

Cheyne-Stokes

respirations gradually increase in rate and depth, and then they become shallow and slow. Breathing may stop for 10 to 20 seconds. What are these called??

Cheyne-Stokes

NO RESPONSE, NO BREATHING, NO PULSE are major signs of ... what?!?

CARDIAC ARREST

After the person dies, post-mortem care should be completed before ... what?!?

rigor mortis sets in

the stiffening of the muscles after death is called... what?!?

Rigor mortis

The purpose of post-mortem care is to ... what?!?

maintain a good appearance of the body

what should be worn during care when fluids may leak from the body?

Gloves

What relates to knowledge?

Cognition

a loss of cognitive and social function is called... what?!?

Dementia cause

People with dementia can cause changes in cognition. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

Too many stimuli can trigger catastrophic reactions to AD/Dementia patients. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

Individuals with AD can suffer from... what?!?

catastrophic reactions

when an individual has an extreme reaction to a minor incident, what is it called?

catastrophic reaction

People with AD/Dementia need support and understanding. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

a sudden change in mental status is called what?

Delirium

restlessness, agitation, and combative behavior. What do these signs mean?

Signs of delirium

Delirium can be caused by... what?!?

drug side effects, infections, surgery, and head injuries

Delirium is a medical emergency. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

CHANGES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM AGING CAN RESULT IN... what?!?

A DECREASE OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES

When helping the confused person, what do you make sure to do?

Do not ask them complex questions.

Would you like to wear your blue sweater or your white sweater?

An example of helping a confused person

PROVIDE CARE IN A CALM AND RELAXED MANNER. USE TOUCH TO COMMUNICATE WITH CONFUSED PERSONS. True or False?

True

1 multiple choice option

A no code means ... what?!?

do not resuscitate

If a person has a DNR... what?!?

they are clinically dead, no attempts at resuscitation are done

If someone sustains a burn, while waiting for help, you should... what?!?

COVER THE BURN WITH A STERILE DRY DRESSING OR CLEAN CLOTH

A person is hemorrhaging from the forearm, your first action is to... what?!?

APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND

BREATHING STOPS BUT HEART ACTION CONTINUES FOR SEVERAL MINUTES. What is this called?

RESPIRATORY ARREST

Define Anaphylaxis

A life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen

What are some examples of antigens that can cause anaphylaxis?

Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, bee stings, and penicillin.

Define Cardiac Arrest

The heart suddenly stops beating

What can cause a cardiac arrest?

Permanent brain damage and other organ damage can occur if the person is without oxygen for an extended amount of time

Define Resuscitate

To revive from apparent death or unconsciousness using emergency measures