Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution: 1750-1900

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution from 1750 to 1900.

Empiricist

Believing that things can only be proven by reason and observation, rather than by authority or tradition.

Natural Rights

Rights that people have simply by being human, not granted by the government.

Social Contract

The idea that government is legitimate only if the people agree to be ruled and the government protects their rights to life, liberty, and property.

Nationalism

A feeling of strong connection to one's people, often defined by shared religion, language, and culture.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Feminism

A movement and ideology advocating for women's rights and gender equality.

Industrial Revolution

A period marked by the growth of industrial production and significant technological advancements.

Factory System

A method of production that concentrated production in one location and increased specialization of labor.

Transnational Businesses

Companies that operate in multiple countries at once.

Laissez-faire

An economic system where the government minimally intervenes in the private business sector.

Marxism

A political and economic theory that advocates for a classless society and the abolition of private property.

Urbanization

The process of population movement from rural areas to cities, often linked to industrial growth.

Middle Class

A social class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution characterized by professionals and business owners.

Socialism

An economic and political system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Second Industrial Revolution

A phase of industrial development in the late 19th century characterized by the emergence of new technologies and production methods.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society.