Module 10: A world of Regions

Regions

Are a group of countries located in the same geographically specified area.

Amalgamation

Regions are an ______ of two regions or combination of more than two regions organized to regulate and oversee flows and policy choices.

Regionalization

Refers to the regional concentration of economic flows.

Regionalism

A political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries.

Political
Economic

Regionalism is often seen as a ______ and ______ phenomenon.

Emergent
Socially Constituted

Regionalism is also a process, and must be treated as an _________, __________ phenomenon.

Constructed

Regionalism means regions are not natural or given; rather, they are ________ and defined by policymakers, economic actors, and even social movements.

China

Offers its cheap and huge workforce to attract foreign businesses and expand trade with countries it once considered its enemies but now sees as markets for its goods.

Singapore
Switzerland

________ and _______ developed their countries into financial and banking hubs.

Singapore

Developed its harbor facilities and made them a first-class transit port for ships carrying different commodities from Africa, Europe, Middle East, and mainland Southeast Asia to countries in the Asia-Pacific.

Challenges of Globalization

Countries form regional organizations because it is a way of coping with the _______.

Cognizant

Globalization has made people aware of the world in general; it has also made Filipinos more ______ of specific areas such as Southeast Asia.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Founded by the Western European countries and United States of America during the Cold War to protect Europe against the Soviet Union.

Warsaw Pact

Alliance composed of Eastern European countries under Soviet domination.

1991

The Soviet Union imploded in _____, but NATO remains in place.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

(OPEC)

Founded in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela to regulate the production and sale of oil. The OPEC power was felt in 1970s when the production and price of oil was controlled by the said organization.

Nine other oil-producing countries

OPEC’s success convinced _________ to join it.

Non-Aligned Movement

The _______ was founded in 1961 by the presidents of Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia to establish world peace, international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national equality, non-intervention and peaceful conflict resolution.

120

At its peak, the NAM had how many members?

ASEAN

The Thai economic crisis made the ______ countries along with China, Japan and South Korea more unified and coordinated in saving the economy of Thailand that collapsed in 1996.

Unified
Coordinated

The crisis made ASEAN more ______ and _______.

Non State Regionalism

___________ nowadays are also gaining its presence in addressing the common problems confronted by the region in term of economic, politics, health, culture, environment and etc.

Non-State regionalism varies in forms
Non- state regionalism has different strategies and tactics
Regional organizations dedicate themselves to specialized causes

Claudio and Abinales identified some forms and examples of Non-State Regionalism:

Citizen Diplomacy Forum (CDF)

Tries to influence the policies and programs of the organizations of American States.

Asian Parliamentarian for Human Rights

___________ is pushing to prevent discrimination, uphold political freedom, promote democracy and human rights through out the region.

Rain forest Foundation

Established to protect the indigenous people and the forest in Brazil, Guyana, Panama and Peru.

Regional Interfaith Youth Networks

Formed to promote conflict prevention, resolution, peace education and sustainable development.

Migrant Forum in Asia

Committed to protect and promote the rights and welfare of migrant workers.

Poverty
Environmental Degradation

Non-state regionalism advocated issues like _____ or ______ as reflections of flawed development and environmental models.

Resurgence of militant nationalism and populism.

Regionalism faces multiple challenges, the most serious of which is the __________.

Sovereignty

ASEAN members continue to disagree over the extent to which member countries should sacrifice their __________ for the sake of regional stability.

Differing Visions

A final challenge pertains to _________ of what regionalism should be for.

Instruments

Western governments may see regional organizations not simply as economic formations but also as ________ of political democratization.

Singapore
China
Russia

Countries that see democracy as an obstacle to the implementation and deepening of economic globalization because constant public inquiry about economic projects and lengthy debate slow down implementation or lead to unclear outcomes.