APUSH Unit 2 (1607-1754)

Pilgrims

1620, English settlers who arrived in Plymouth, MA seeking religious freedom after separating from the Church of England

Significance: Religious Freedom, Dissent from the English

Corporate Colonies

Colonies operated by joint-stock companies

Royal Colonies

Colonies under direct authority of the king

Proprietary Colonies

Colonies under the authority of individuals who were granted charters by the king

American Exceptionalism

The belief that America is the superior country in many aspects

Significance: Relates to Manifest Destiny, patriotism, nativism

City Upon a Hill

Speech delivered by John Winthrop that preached of MA Bay Colony’s potential as a “beacon of hope”

Significance: Beginning of American Exceptionalism, spread of religion

The House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly in America located in Virginia

Significance: Beginning of a representative democratic US govt.

Mayflower Compact

Document created by the Pilgrims that established a self-government in Plymouth Colony

Significance: Early form of Self Government and the Constitution

Protestants

Broad term for any of the groups who separated from the Church of Rome

Significance: Caused Immigration, Religious Freedom, Recognized corruption of Roman/English Church

Puritans

English Protestants who wanted to improve the corrupt systems of the English Church

Significance: Preached for Predestination, Religious Freedom, Recognized corruption of Roman/English Church

Act of Toleration

1689, An act allowing religious freedom for all Christians who believed in God

Significance: Religious Freedom, early form of Religious Legislature

Tobacco

Cash crop from the New World that was the basis of colonial economy

Significance: Enabled Slavery and Mercantilism

Bacon’s Rebellion

1676, army of farmers led by Nathaniel Bacon conducted raids against Indian Villages in Virginia after governor Berkeley refused to drive them out

Significance: Inspiration for Slave Revolts, instilled fear in the Planter Elite, highlighted class differences, displayed colonial resistance

Antimonianism

The idea that faith, not deeds, will bring salvation

Significance: Countered the English/Roman Church, inspired the religiously diverse Rhode Island Colony

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

Significance: Colonies that began mostly for the purpose of religious freedom, large shipbuilding and fishing industries

New England Confederation

1643, An alliance between the New England Colonies to dispel the threat of Native Americans, the Dutch, and the French

Significance: First experiment of colonial cooperation, example of colonial unity

Metacom’s War

1675, Metacom of the Wampanoags, united several tribes against encroaching English settlers and lost.

William Penn

An aristocrat who provided religious refuge for Quakers in Pennsylvania and Delaware representative assemblies,

Significance: Provided written constitution, treated Natives fairly, freedom of worship, grid street pattern

Penal Colony

A colony made to house criminals in isolation

Significance: Georgia was a penal colony and therefore the poorest colony at the time

Mercantilism

a system where to gain wealth by increasing exports and decreasing imports which was done exclusively to enrich England’s economy

Significance: Displays English control, a reason for the American Revolution, furthered trade restrictions

Navigation Acts

1650-1673, Set of mercantilist acts set by England on the colonies that restricted their trade with other countries

Significance: Increased New England shipbuilding, limited colonial manufacturing, increased prices on local/foreign manufactured items, increased smuggling

The Glorious Revolution

1688, a revolution that deposed King James II, who wanted to increase royal control over the colonies by getting rid of representative assemblies

Significance: Britain’s transition into a constitutional monarchy, temporarily freed colonists of anti-Puritan laws

Triangular Trade

The repetitive New England economic practice of trading rum for West African slaves to make sugarcane to make more rum to repeat the process.

Significance: Fueled slavery, caused African diaspora

Middle Passage

The passage that shipped slaves from West Africa to the colonies in overcrowded ships without sufficient ventilation, water, and food

Significance: Colonial workforce source, example of poor slave treatment