Computational Thinking Flashcards

Created from the GMetrix practice questions.

You need to explain the characteristics of structured data to a colleague.

For each statement, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Structured data has records with a fixed number of fields.

• Structured data can be stored as video and audio files.

• Structured data has a pre-defined data model.

• Structured data has records with a fixed number of fields. YES

• Structured data can be stored as video and audio files. NO

• Structured data has a pre-defined data model. YES

You need to explain the characteristics of unstructured data to a colleague.

For each statement, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Unstructured data can be saved in NoSQL databases.

• Unstructured data is stored in rows and columns.

• Unstructured data can be queried with SQL.

• Unstructured data can be saved in NoSQL databases. YES

• Unstructured data is stored in rows and columns. NO

• Unstructured data can be queried with SQL. NO

Converting binary number to decimal value and vice versa.

Ex:

What number do you get when you convert the binary number 101101 to its equivalent decimal value?

45

Matching data examples to the correct data types.

Ex:

Examples: 7/4/2021; 1.3; A recording of the news; A photo of your family

Data Types: Video; Numeric; Date; Image

The data type for 7/4/2021 is Date, as it represents a date.

The data type for 1.3 is Numeric, as it represents a number.

The TV news would be stored as a video file, so the data type is Video.

A photograph is an example of an Image, so that is the data type that matches.

Which data type represents a number with a decimal point?

• boolean

• string

• float

• long

• integer

float

• The boolean data type is either true or false.

• A float, or floating point number, represents a numerical value with a decimal point.

• An integer is a whole number and does not have a decimal point.

• A string is a set of one or more characters. A number with a decimal point can be represented as a string, but it would not have a numerical value.

• A long is an integer that can represent larger values.

Which one value represents a floating point data type?

• A9 (base 16)

• 5^2 (base 10)

• 101010 (base 2)

• 37.00 (base 10)

37.00 (base 10)

• A9 is a hexadecimal value that is not decimal, or floating point.

• 101010 is a binary number representing 42, and is not a decimal or floating point.

• 37.00 is a floating point, or decimal number.

• In base 10, 5 with an exponent of 2 is equal to 25, which is not a decimal

Which numeric data type can be use to measure the volume of a simple box object?

• bool

• string

• float

• char

float

• bool is incorrect because a boolean is only either true or false

• char is incorrect because a character is any single character. The character could be a digit, but it will not have a numeric value.

• float is correct because a floating point, or decimal number is a numerical quantitative value.

• string is incorrect because a string is any set of one or more characters which can include spaces. The string could be a number, but it will not have a numeric value.

Which sequence of characters uses binary notation?

• 020202

• 010101

• 121212

• A1B2C1

010101

• Binary, or base-2, notation uses only the digits 0 and 1.

• Therefore, the correct answer from the choices provided can only be 010101.

Inductive (and Deductive) Reasoning Skills

Ex:

A motor manufacturer has just received a report on the first thousand cars of a new type sold.

Of the 1000 cars, 750 of them needed to be returned to the garage for repair during the first year.

Using inductive reasoning, what percentage of new cars should the manufacturer expect to repair during its first year?

Please enter only numbers when entering your response.

75(%)

John, Jane, Susan, and David want to go to a friend's party.

The rules for being allowed to go to a party are:

A child can go to a party if the child is invited

AND

(the party ends before the child's bedtime OR the party is on Saturday)

The party ends at 9:30 p.m. on a Friday.

• John is invited. John's bedtime is 9 p.m.

• Jane is invited. Jane's bedtime is 10 p.m.

• Susan is invited. Susan's bedtime is 11 p.m.

• David is not invited. David's bedtime is 10 p.m.

Which two of the four children will be at the party? (Choose 2.)

Jane and Susan

• John is not going to the party. He is invited, but the party does not end before his bedtime, and it is not Saturday. 

• Jane is going to the party. She is invited, and the party ends before her bedtime.

• Susan is going to the party. She is invited, and the party ends before her bedtime.

• David is not going to the party. He is not invited, so fails the first test.

The sequential order of characters in the following set is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}.

Type in the missing logical value in this sequence that replaces the ??.

• 14

• 18

• 1C

• 20

• ??

• 28

24

• Starting with the first value of 14 each subsequent value is 4 more in the sequence than the previous.

  • 14

  • 18

  • 1C

  • 20

  • 24

  • 28

There are four seats in a row at a concert.

Paul will sit next to Sara, but not next to Gerry.

If Gerry will not sit next to John, who is sitting next to John?

Enter the correct name in the field provided.

Paul

• Based on the rules, the correct order of seating, regardless if right-to-left or left-to-right, will be:

• John - Paul - Sara - Gerry

• Paul must be next to Sara, and since Gerry will not sit next to either John or Paul, then he will be next to Sara.

Identify which of the boolean expressions evaluates to either true or false.

For each expression, select Yes if the result is true and No if the result is false.

(7 > 1 II -2 > 0)

!( 7 < -2)

(7 > 2 && -2 > 1)

(7 - (-2) < 1)

• (7 > 1 II -2 > 0) YES

• !( 7 < -2) YES

• (7 > 2 && -2 > 1) NO

• (7 - (-2) < 1) NO

You want to award a scholarship to students who meet the following conditions:

Maintain a GPA of 3.5 or greater.

Have a minimum SAT score of 1470 or a minimum ACT score of 30.

You need to create the pseudocode. Select the correct option from each drop-down list.

GPA >= 3.5 {SELECT} SAT >= 1470 {SELECT}

GPA >= 3.5 AND SAT >= 1470 OR ACT >= 30

• You should use the AND logical operator for the first drop down because you must meet both conditions, which includes the GPA and one of the two test scores.

• The two conditions are the GPA and the test scores.

• You should use the OR operator when you need to meet one of the conditions of the two test scores. In this case, it is the ACT score that is >= 30.

You and your team are creating a movie streaming app. You want to take advantage of artificial intelligence for some features of the app.

You need to determine whether each situation represents inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.

Select the correct option from each drop-down list.

• Over the past three months, 80 percent of subscribers have been watching comedies. Therefore, over the next three months those subscribers will watch comedies.

• The marketing department believes that placing new movies at the top of the app generates more views. Therefore, you decide to put the newest 10 movies at the top of the app.

• To optimize system resources, the artificial intelligence will track system load and will increase resources when need arises.

Inductive; Deductive; Inductive

• Deductive reasoning uses a hypotheses to draw a logical conclusion. If the marketing department believes that viewers tend to watch movies placed at the top of the app, then the marketing department would want you to place new movies at the top of the app.

• Inductive reasoning uses statistical data to draw conclusions. If 80 percent of users have been watching comedies in the past, it is likely, statistically, that 80 percent of users will watch comedies in the future. The conclusion may not always be true because there can be many other factors involved. It uses limited data and knowledge to draw conclusions.

• Inductive reasoning uses statistical data to draw conclusions. Trends in viewing traffic can be confirmed with AI and used to create an algorithm to maximize the efficiency of system utilization.

You are working on a script that assigns warehouse locations based upon item category. Categories 1, 2, and 3 go into warehouse A. Everything else goes into warehouse B.

Which two algorithms meet your specifications? (Choose 2.)

Algorithm #1

IF category=1 OR category=2 OR category=3 THEN

warehouse=’A’

ELSE

warehouse=’B’

END IF

Algorithm #2

IF category=1 AND category=2 AND category=3 THEN

warehouse=’A’

ELSE

warehouse=’B’

END IF

Algorithm #3

IF category != 1 AND category !=2 AND category !=3 THEN

warehouse=’B’

ELSE

warehouse=’A’

END IF

Algorithm #4

SET warehouse = ‘B’

IF category=1 && category=2 && category=3 THEN

warehouse=’A’

Algorithm #1 and Algorithm #3

• AND requires both conditions to test true for the expression to be true.

• OR requires one condition to test true for the expression to be true.

• && requires both conditions to test true for the expression to be true.

• || requires one condition to test true for the expression to be true.

• != (not equal) checks for inequality.

• The choice containing IF category=1 && category=2 && category=3 requires all 3 conditions to be true for the expression to evaluate to true. The category variable cannot contain 3 different values at the same time. The condition will never test true and the warehouse for every item will be set to B. This is not one of the correct options.

• The choice containing IF category=1 AND category=2 AND category=3 requires all 3 conditions to be true for the expression to evaluate to true. The category variable cannot contain 3 different values at the same time. The condition will never test true and the warehouse for every item will be set to B. This is not one of the correct options.

• The choice containing IF category=1 OR category=2 OR category=3 requires 1 of the 3 conditions to be true for the expression to evaluate true. If the expression is true, the warehouse is set to A; otherwise, it is set to B. This is one of the correct options.

• The choice containing IF category != 1 AND category !=2 AND category !=3 requires all 3 conditions to be true and it is checking for inequality. If the condition is true (category does not equal 1,2 and 3) then the warehouse is set to B. If the condition is false (category is equal to 1, 2, or 3) then the warehouse is set to A. This is one of the correct options.

Your team is working with a community center on a large web development project. A summary of the activities club members participate in is shown in the table.

Evaluate the logical reasoning used in each statement to determine if it is valid. Select Yes if the statement is true and the reasoning is valid. Select No if the statement is false and the reasoning is invalid.

• Participation in nutrition education increases with age. Sport supplements are nutritional. The community center should sell supplements to clients over the age of 46.

• Group sports are popular. Basketball is a group sport. Basketball is a popular activity for club members.

• Weight training builds and tones muscle. Thirty to fifty percent of club members in each age group weight train. One-third to one-half of club members want to build and tone muscle.

Participation in nutrition education increases with age. Sport supplements are nutritional. The community center should sell supplements to clients over the age of 46. NO

Group sports are popular. Basketball is a group sport. Basketball is a popular activity for club members. NO

Weight training builds and tones muscle. Thirty to fifty percent of club members in each age group weight train. One-third to one-half of club members want to build and tone muscle. YES

• Generalized inductive reasoning involves evaluating a sample and drawing a conclusion about the general population.  It is known as bottom-up reasoning.  Scientists use inductive reasoning to make a preliminary hypothesis based upon data they have gathered through observation and experimentation. Statistical inductive reasoning involves taking a large random sample of data that is quantifiable and making conclusions about the general population based upon the data. We use inductive reasoning to help us understand the world by drawing generalizations from specific experiences. 

• Deductive reasoning involves looking at general principles or information and working towards a more specific conclusion.  It is known as top-down reasoning. The scientific method uses deduction to test hypotheses and theories. Deductive reasoning produces either valid or invalid arguments. 

• Deductive reasoning typically follows three steps (referred to as a syllogism):

  • 1)  Formulate a major premise which is a general statement or truth. For example, “All birds have wings”.

  • 2)  Formulate a minor premise that is a related statement or truth.  For example, “A robin is a bird”.

  • 3)  Infer an explanation or theory based on the major and minor premise being true.  For example, “All robins have wings”.

• Ambiguity in logical reasoning occurs when observations do not support conclusions, or the major and minor premises do not support the conclusion.

For each statement about algorithmic thinking, select Yes if the statement is true or No if it is false.

• Algorithmic thinking always gets us to the right answer.

• Algorithmic thinking is about working through problems methodically, similarly to how a computer would operate.

• Algorithmic thinking makes our thought processes explicit, so we can understand why we make decisions better.

Algorithmic thinking always gets us to the right answer. NO

Algorithmic thinking is about working through problems methodically, similarly to how a computer would operate. YES

Algorithmic thinking makes our thought processes explicit, so we can understand why we make decisions better. YES

For each statement, select Yes if it represents an algorithmic process or No if it does not.

• A recipe takes input and produces an output.

• A sequence of pictures shows how to complete a model using plastic bricks.

• A player rolls dice in a board game.

A recipe takes input and produces an output. YES

A sequence of pictures shows how to complete a model using plastic bricks. YES

A player rolls dice in a board game. NO

You want to make an online purchase of a video game. Move all the steps to the answer area and place them in the correct order.

Search the site for the desired game so it can be added to the shopping cart.

Add game to shopping cart so you can move to checkout.

Access the retailer's web site so you can search for the game.

Download the game after all other steps have been completed.

Complete the checkout so you can download the game.

Step 1 is access the retailer's web site so you can search for the game.

Step 2 is search the site for the desired game so it can be added to the shopping cart.

Step 3 is add game to shopping cart so you can move to checkout.

Step 4 is complete the checkout so you can download the game.

Step 5 is download the game after all other steps have been completed.

Determine if each statement is an example of algorithmic thinking.

For each statement, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Randomly choose a number from 1 to 100.

• Organize a collection of coins by year to find the oldest one.

• Determine the lowest cost of a video game from two or more different web sites.

Randomly choose a number from 1 to 100. NO

Organize a collection of coins by year to find the oldest one. YES

Determine the lowest cost of a video game from two or more different web sites. YES

You need to describe some of the purposes of automation.

For each statement, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Automation solves problems without using algorithms.

• Automation increases the need for human workers.

• Automation improves productivity and decreases costs.

Automation solves problems without using algorithms. NO

Automation increases the need for human workers. NO

Automation improves productivity and decreases costs. YES

Which answer option is an example of abstraction?

• A statement comparing the current project to other similar projects.

• A list showing every milestone in the project and how the milestone was broken into tasks and assigned to team members.

• A project summary that includes milestones achieved.Correct

• Step-by-step instructions listing procedures used to complete each milestone in the project.

A project summary that includes milestones achieved.Correct

You are constructing a virtual model of a sailing ship in order to calculate how fast it can sail.

Which two aspects of the ship are important in your model? (Choose 2.)

• The arrangement of the sails for different wind conditions.Correct

• The color of the mast.

• The arrangement of the inside of the ship into cabins and galley.

• The shape and size of the underside of the ship.

The arrangement of the sails for different wind conditions.

The shape and size of the underside of the ship.

Which two statements are an example of abstraction? (Choose 2.)

• Present an overview of an upcoming project to your team.

• Provide a project status summary to management.

• Split a large programming task into many separate procedures.

• Review each step in a project with your supervisor.

Present an overview of an upcoming project to your team.

Provide a project status summary to management.

For each statement regarding the algorithmic thinking process, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Automate a logical sequence of steps

• Convert scientific notation into a number that can be easily input into a computer

• Define a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs

Automate a logical sequence of steps YES

Convert scientific notation into a number that can be easily input into a computer NO

Define a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs YES

Your goal is to create a website that will draw several versions of a car's exterior based on data input by the user (e.g., color, number of doors).

For each statement, select Yes if the statement is an example of abstraction or No if it is not.

• Specifying which part of the car the site will draw first.

• Identifying which parts of a car are visible from outside of the car.

• Creating a sequence of steps that the website will follow as it draws the car.

• Viewing multiple cars of different types.

• Specifying which part of the car the site will draw first. NO

• Identifying which parts of a car are visible from outside of the car. YES

• Creating a sequence of steps that the website will follow as it draws the car. NO

• Viewing multiple cars of different types. NO

Abstraction identifies the data that is relevant to a problem's solution and filters out data that is not relevant. In this case, the problem is that we need to create a website that can draw several versions of a car's exterior based on data input by a user.

You are writing pseudocode to have a program output the values of 5 to 100 counting by 5.

Which answer option is needed to replace the line "// What code is missing here?" that will complete this program to run correctly?

Set Start_Count = 0

Set End_Count = 100

Set Current_Num = 0

// What code is missing here?

Begin Loop

Current_Num = Current_Num + Count_Value

Display Current_Num

If Current_Num == End_Count Then End Loop

• Set Count_Value = 0

• Set Current_Num = 5

• Set Count_Value = 5

• Set Current_Num = 0

Set Count_Value = 5

You receive medication from your doctor with instructions to take 20 milligrams once per day for a week.

When you get home you discover that there are 10 pills in the container, and the label states that the total amount of medication in the container is 800 milligrams.

Which option is the correct dosage that you should take each day?

• 1 quarter of a pill

• 1 whole pill

• 1 half of a pill

• 2 pills

1 quarter of a pill

Which pieces of data are needed in order to calculate the exact age someone is today?

Select Yes if the piece of data is needed or No if it is not.

• The person's name

• The person's date of birth

• The person's place of birth

• The person's present address

• Today's date

The person's name NO

The person's date of birth YES

The person's place of birth NO

The person's present address NO

Today's date YES

Which data items would an online gaming service need to store in order to track a customer's account?

Select Yes if the item is needed or No if it is not.

• The number identifying the user's account

• The amount of credits or money presently in the account

• The customer's gender

• The amount of each transaction on the account

The number identifying the user's account YES

The amount of credits or money presently in the account YES

The customer's gender NO

The amount of each transaction on the account YES

You work at a training company whose goal is to offer courses in occupations that have high demand.

Which data set would provide information to help you achieve that goal?

• Workforce needs data

• Unemployment data

• Employment data

• Census population data

Workforce needs data

Workforce needs data should focus on occupations and industries that need new workers.  This is the type of data you need to determine what occupations are in high demand.

Your team is working on an application for a retail chain that will allow customers to purchase, pay for, and ship items using the app. You are ready to test the application.

For each statement on identifying data sources, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• The test data should include customer shipping and billing data.

• The test data should include customer preferences.

• The test data should include a variety of products.

The test data should include customer shipping and billing data. YES

The test data should include customer preferences. NO

The test data should include a variety of products. YES

Your creative team is known for designing effective, mobile-friendly promotional materials.

You would like to analyze the social media data to help focus your marketing efforts.

Which existing data source should your team look at first?

• Social media and user generated content

• Social media marketing penetration

• Social media use by device

• Social media use by type of social media

Social media use by type of social media

• The type of device used to view social media does not matter. The material will be mobile friendly, which means it works on all devices.

• Social media market penetration does not matter because the decision has already been made to use social media to promote the products.

• Social media use by type of social media is relevant. The type of social media will affect materials the team creates (for example, infographics are not appropriate for video sites). The team will need to decide on the type of social media they are going to target before developing promotional content.

• User-generated content is not relevant and will not add any insight into where our efforts should be focused.

In order to evaluate your school's success, you have collected data from 300 students.

A representative sample of the data can be found in the table below.

Student ID	Subject Evaluated	Student Grade	Number of supplementary sessions attended	Number of extra credit assignments completed	Semester Evaluated
1	Math	91%	0	0	Fall
2	Literature	95%	10	3	Spring
3	Science	86%	6	4	Fall
4	Computer Programming	88%	5	2	Summer
5	Science	90%	5	5	Winter
6	Science	72%	0	0	Fall
7	Math	77%	1	0	Fall
8	Literature	83%	0	1	Winter
9	Math	81%	8	3	Spring
10	Literature	82%	5	2	Spring

Review the statements and identify if you have the data to solve the problem. If you have the data, select Yes. If you do not have the data, select No.

• The more supplementary sessions a student attends, the more likely they are to complete extra credit assignments.

• Students are more likely to complete extra credit assignments in the Spring Semester.

• Freshmen are more likely to complete extra credit assignments than Sophomores or Juniors.

• Students who attend classes of specific instructors are more likely to attend supplementary sessions.

The more supplementary sessions a student attends, the more likely they are to complete extra credit assignments. YES

Students are more likely to complete extra credit assignments in the Spring Semester. YES

Freshmen are more likely to complete extra credit assignments than Sophomores or Juniors. NO

Students who attend classes of specific instructors are more likely to attend supplementary sessions. NO

You want to know which of two educational video games is more effective for teaching.

In this effort, you have conducted a study of 1,000 people – 500 who have played game A and 500 who have played game B.

Both groups were given a pretest before playing the game and a series of surveys and tests after playing. The table shows a sample of the data you collected.

Which three columns of data are required to determine which game resulted in the most learning? (Choose 3.)

Game A or B specifies which game is being observed and will be essential for making comparisons between the games.

The baseline values (pre-test scores) can be compared to the post-test scores to identify the magnitude of learning for each participant. Participants can then be grouped by the game they played.

The magnitude of learning can finally be compared between the groups to identify which game resulted in the most learning.

A local community college is conducting a feasibility study for a new technology program.

They need to ensure the new program will have ongoing demand.

Which statement represents the data stream that would be an indicator of future demand?

• The number of homes sold in the area.

• The number of students currently attending college.

• The number of students attending local schools in the area.

• The availability of technology jobs in the area.

The number of students attending local schools in the area.

You have collected data for several different colleges that you are thinking of attending.

Each college offers a program that interests you, and the quality of each program is equal.

You have collected the following data:

• School name

• Academic school year

• Tuition rate

• Cost of books and course fees

• Cost of housing

Based on the data collected, answer each question by selecting the correct answer from each drop-down list.

• Which visualization tool would you use to show a breakdown of the costs for attending a specific school?

• Which visualization tool would you use to show the increase or decrease of costs over a period of time?

• Which visualization tool would you use to show a breakdown of individual costs for all schools?

Which visualization tool would you use to show a breakdown of the costs for attending a specific school? PIE CHART

Which visualization tool would you use to show the increase or decrease of costs over a period of time? LINE CHART

Which visualization tool would you use to show a breakdown of individual costs for all schools? COLUMN CHART

You are the owner of a small grocery store and are analyzing the buying trends of one of your customers.

Review the data in the table and then for each statement, select Yes if the statement is true or No if it is false.

Item	Date Purchased
Apples	6/12/2021
Carrots	6/2/2021
Carrots	6/8/2021
Diapers	6/1/2021
Diapers	6/8/2021
Grape Jelly/Jam	6/1/2021
Milk	6/1/2021
Milk	6/8/2021
Peanut Butter	6/1/2021
Peanut Butter	6/12/2021
Spinach	6/1/2021
Tea	6/12/2021

• Every time the customer purchases Peanut Butter, they also purchase Grape Jelly/Jam.

• The customer will likely purchase Milk and Diapers on June 15th (6/15/2021).

• The customer purchases Peanut Butter more frequently than Carrots.

Every time the customer purchases Peanut Butter, they also purchase Grape Jelly/Jam. NO

The customer will likely purchase Milk and Diapers on June 15th (6/15/2021). YES

The customer purchases Peanut Butter more frequently than Carrots. NO

A research firm is conducting a clinical trial to see how well a new medicine for acne works.

Below is a sample of the data they have collected for each patient after one week of treatment.

Name	Age	Gender	Severity of Acne Before Treatment (1-10)	Dosage	Severity of Acne After Treatment (1-10)	Side effects
Marie	18	F	9	1 x day	6	moderate rash
Javier	12	M	7	placebo	7	none
Wendell	27	M	8	3 x day	6	dry mouth
Julianne	14	F	9	2 x day	5	none

For each of the questions, select Yes if the data collected is enough to answer it, or No if the data collected is not enough to answer it.

• How effective is the treatment for patients of different genders?

• Is the treatment more effective for patients between the ages of 12-18 or for adult patients?

• How effective is the treatment for patients of different ethnicities?

• How long should the patient take the medicine for maximum effectiveness?

How effective is the treatment for patients of different genders? YES

Is the treatment more effective for patients between the ages of 12-18 or for adult patients? YES

How effective is the treatment for patients of different ethnicities? NO

How long should the patient take the medicine for maximum effectiveness? NO

A semi-professional baseball team has collected data on their athletes in an attempt to see if they can use that data to help the player improve their performance.

They already have the following collected key statistics:

• number of games played

• number of hits

• number of runs scored

A new coach is hired and they are looking at the following information:

• the player's stance while batting

• how well they perform in pressure situations when the game is close

• how well they perform based on diet

For each data collection method below, select Yes if this would help them collect the data they are missing or No if it would not help them to collect the new data they need.

• Filming the players hitting balls in batting practice without them knowing.

• Watching all of the game film from the past two seasons.

• Watching game films from when the players were in high school.

• Asking players to track their diet and submit nutrition logs showing their eating habits.

Filming the players hitting balls in batting practice without them knowing. YES

Watching all of the game film from the past two seasons. YES

Watching game films from when the players were in high school. NO

Asking players to track their diet and submit nutrition logs showing their eating habits. YES

A beach hotel owner notices a trend of declining occupancy at the hotel and determines they need to make some changes in order to attract more visitors and increase occupancy rates.

In order to determine what to do, they investigate using existing data.

For each available data set, select Yes if the data is relevant to their goal of identifying changes they can make or No if it is not.

• Customer reviews on a travel website about the hotel.

• Articles in a trade magazine about trends in where people are going to snow ski on vacation.

• Detailed data about the room rates of all local hotels collected by web scraping software.

• Information about upcoming events near the hotel.

• Data about the average property values in the neighborhood of the hotel.

Customer reviews on a travel website about the hotel. YES

Articles in a trade magazine about trends in where people are going to snow ski on vacation. NO

Detailed data about the room rates of all local hotels collected by web scraping software. YES

Information about upcoming events near the hotel. YES

Data about the average property values in the neighborhood of the hotel. NO

A research firm is conducting a clinical trial to see how well a new medicine for Acne Works.

The table is a sample of the data they have collected for each patient after one week of treatment.

Name	Age	Gender	Severity of Acne Before Treatment (1-10)	Dosage	Severity of Acne After Treatment (1-10)	Side effects
Marie	18	F	9	1 x day	6	moderate rash
Javier	12	M	7	placebo	7	none
Wendell	27	M	8	3 x day	6	dry mouth
Julianne	14	F	9	2 x day	5	none

Select the questions that the firm will be able to answer using the data above.

• Are the side effects correlated to a patient's age, gender or dosage of medicine used?

• How effective is the medicine vs a placebo?

• How effective is the medicine over the long term if a patient stops taking it after three months?

• How effective is the medicine in the first week of treatment?

Are the side effects correlated to a patient's age, gender or dosage of medicine used?

How effective is the medicine vs a placebo?

How effective is the medicine in the first week of treatment?

A user has filled their personal details into a web form asking for name, address, email, and date of birth.

Which three sensible checks should be conducted on the data? (Choose 3.)

• All mandatory fields have been answered

• Email only contains alphanumeric characters

• Zip code matches the rest of the address

• Date of birth is within the last 120 years

• Name is at least 20 characters long

All mandatory fields have been answered

Zip code matches the rest of the address

Date of birth is within the last 120 years

* Alphanumerics only include letters and numbers. As email addresses always include '@' signs and ".", this is not a sensible check.

Move each technique for improving data quality from the list on the left to its correct definition on the right.

Technique:

• Duplication checks

• Identifying data conflicts

• Data profiling

• Data cleaning

Definitions:

• Checking for missing or impossible data values

• Looking for contradictions between different items in a data set

• Making sure that there are not multiple data records for the same data

• Analyzing a data set to identify outlying or improbable values

Data cleaning = Checking for missing or impossible data values

Identifying data conflicts = Looking for contradictions between different items in a data set

Duplication checks = Making sure that there are not multiple data records for the same data

Data profiling = Analyzing a data set to identify outlying or improbable values

Your team is reviewing results from an existing customer preference survey.

Which option tells you customer responses are reliable?

• The results reflect current knowledge.

• The results have been duplicated within the survey.

• The survey is similar to other measurement tools.

• The data collected requires cleaning.

The results have been duplicated within the survey.

Reliability is about consistency. Can the same result be achieved using the same methods under the same circumstances?

Move each data cleaning problem from the list on the left to its potential solution on the right.

Problem:

• Some data points are missing from the data set.

• Sometimes N/A is used/ Other times, Not Applicable is used.

• Some records are listed more than once.

• As the result of an error, some scores are substantially higher or lower than other scores in the sample.

Solution:

• Remove outliers.

• Assign from available data.

• Delete duplicates.

• Establish consistent naming conventions.

• As the result of an error, some scores are substantially higher or lower than other scores in the sample. = Remove outliers.

• Some data points are missing from the data set. = Assign from available data.

• Some records are listed more than once. = Delete duplicates.

• Sometimes N/A is used/ Other times, Not Applicable is used. = Establish consistent naming conventions.

A study on two different prediction algorithms showed that algorithm A predicted the correct answer significantly more often than algorithm B.

Another researcher conducted the exact same study and found the opposite result.

What is the problem with the study?

• Validity

• Reliability

• Completeness

• Uniformity

Reliability

• Reliability describes the degree to which a method produces consistent results. In this case, the researcher conducted the exact same study, but found a different result, indicating an issue with the study’s reliability.

• Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.

• Completeness is a data quality dimension that reflects the inclusion of all the anticipated data and the extent to which exclusion of certain items affects fitness to use.

• Uniformity refers to the absence of variation or difference.

Your company is analyzing employment data for the largest healthcare support occupations in the region.

The table summarizes the data for employment in the largest healthcare support occupations for the previous year.

Occupation Title	Number Employed
Home Health and Personal Care Aide	3,211,590
Nursing Assistant	1,371,050
Medical Assistant	710,200
Phlebotomists	128,020
Healthcare Support Worker	96,720
Massage Therapist	85,040
Medical Equipment Preparer	56,870

Which statement below is true based on the data collected in the table?

• More than 50% of the support positions are Nursing Assistants.

• There are more Home Health and Personal Care Aides than all of the other occupations combined.

• More than 10% of the support positions are Medical Equipment Preparers.

• There is a need for more Phlebotomists in the region.

There are more Home Health and Personal Care Aides than all of the other occupations combined.

Students in the computer science program must successfully complete the required 42 credits to graduate.

Programming classes are 4 credits, and all other classes are 3 credits.

Which requirements are still needed to graduate?

Student ID: ZAU-0393846
General Core Requirements:	Credits
Language Arts 100	3
Language Arts 200	3
Science Elective	0
Humanities Elective	3
Math Requirements:
Logic	3
Math 100	3
Math 200	0
Computer Science Requirements:
Programming 100	4
Programming 200	4
Advanced Programming	0
Interactive Design	3
Seminar	0
Internship	3

• 3 credits of science, Math 200, Seminar and 3 credits of programming

• 4 credits of general core, Math 200, Seminar and 4 credits of programming

• 3 credits of general core requirements, 3 credits of math and 7 credits of computer science

• 3 credits of humanities, Math 200, Seminar and 4 credits of programming

• 4 credits of science, 3 credits of math and 6 credits of programming

3 credits of general core requirements, 3 credits of math and 7 credits of computer science

Your creative team is working with a client to develop branding materials and a new website.

Which is the best technique to obtain in-depth, detailed data about the client and their business?

• Conduct a focus group.

• Observe the client on the job.

• Conduct an in-depth interview.

• Send the client a web-based questionnaire.

Conduct an in-depth interview.

• A focus group involves a group discussion.  It can be used to determine opinions and preferences, but it does not result in detailed, in-depth data.

• An in-depth interview is the best method for collecting relevant information.  It allows for understanding and empathizing with the client. It also allows for follow-up questions to develop deeper understanding.

• Observation is used to determine how a process flows but is not ideal for uncovering in-depth information about the business.  It can also be influenced by perceptions of the observer and lacks the opportunity to ask in-depth or follow-up questions.

• Questionnaires are used for less-detailed information and are generally quick.  The questions tend to be close-ended and do not allow for follow-up questions.  Even if you ask open-ended questions, there is no opportunity to follow-up.

Your team is working with a small company planning on expanding and opening a store in a neighboring town. You need to identify and analyze data to determine which town the company should invest in. They are looking for an area with a growing population, low unemployment, and public parks.

The company’s target market includes:

• Active people between 18 and 64.

• Income levels greater than $50,000.

• People who prefer outdoor activities.

For each statement about relevant data sources, select Yes if it is true or No if it is false.

• Current census data can be used to determine the number of people in the target age range and income level.

• The number of parks in each town can be used to determine interest and activity level.

• Manufacturing employment data can be used to determine employment levels within each town.

Current census data can be used to determine the number of people in the target age range and income level. YES

The number of parks in each town can be used to determine interest and activity level. NO

Manufacturing employment data can be used to determine employment levels within each town. YES

Answer the questions by selecting the correct option from each drop-down list.

1. What is it called when an individual understands how you will collect, use, and store data and grants permission to use their data?

2. What is it called when there is no connection between the data collected and the identity of the individual providing th e data?

3. What prevents unauthorized access of the data when it is transmitted electronically?

1. Informed Consent

2. Data Anonymity

3. Data Encryption

Ethical data collection considerations include how data is collected, stored, and shared.

Common ethical considerations include:

1.  Informed Consent

Written consent by the person providing the data.  They should be informed what the goals are, why the data is being collected, who it is being collected for, how it will be stored and how long it will be available for use.

2.  Confidentiality and Anonymity

Confidential data is data collected about a person, but the person’s identity is not disclosed because it is kept confidential.   Anonymous data is information that is not connected to a person.  Survey participants should know if the data being collected is confidential or anonymous.

3.  Clear Communication and Data Sharing

The data collection process must be clear and the process to share the data must also be clear.  Survey participants should know how the data is grouped for analysis purposes to ensure privacy of individual data.

Additional considerations for working with data include:

1.  Encrypt data to keep it secure.

2.  Be aware of where data is coming from and whether it is public or private information.  Validate data sources collected by others and make sure it is reliable.  (A valid data source is accurate.  A reliable data source is consistent.)

3.  Reduce bias in data collection instruments by carefully checking wording within each survey question.

4.  Work with companies whose ethics align with your firm’s ethics.

 

Data confidentiality involves collecting data about a person, but the person’s identity is not disclosed because it is kept confidential.  

Data anonymity involves collecting data or information that is not connected to a person.  

Informed consent is written consent by the person providing the data. The consent is based upon understanding why the data is collected, who it is collected for, where it will be stored and how long it will be stored for.

Reducing bias is done by carefully checking wording within each survey question. It helps ensure results are valid.

Data encryption ensures the data will be secure when it is transmitted and it is designed to prevent unauthorized access.

Data reliability ensure the data is consistent. It doesn't affect data transmission.

Data retention deals with how long data is stored and where it is stored. It doesn't affect data transmission.

Data validation ensures the data is accurate. It doesn't affect data transmission.

You have just run a study to try to understand the probability of a Leland Cypress tree dying when it is affected by the Seridium canker disease. You collected data on 100 trees over 5 years, The following table shows a portion of the data you collected.

Tree ID	Species	Survived?	Age at End of Study	Had Canker Disease?	Year Died?
1	Leland Cypress	No	8	Yes	3
2	Douglas Fir	No	10	No	8
3	Leland Cypress	No	6	Yes	9
4	Leland Cypress	Yes	6	No	N/A
5	Western Hemlock	Yes	9	No	N/A
6	Leland Cypress	Yes	6	Yes	N/A
7	Ponderosa pine	Yes	7	Yes	N/A
8	Bigleaf Maple	No	7	Yes	2
9	Douglas Fir	No	8	Yes	9

Which 3 columns of data will be necessary for understanding this? Select the correct column names in the answer area. (Choose [3].)

Species; Survived?; Had Canker Disease?

You are creating a software tool to help plan a wedding. There are several things you might do to find out what is needed in the software.

Move each research method from the list on the left to its correct description on the right.

Research Method: Survey; Focus group; Literature study

Description:

• Ask couples questions such as how much they spent on their wedding, whether they spent money on flowers, where they were married.

• Get a number of brides together, and encourage them to discuss what aspects of a wedding are most important to them.

• Read books on wedding planning to find out what is important.

Ask couples questions such as how much they spent on their wedding, whether they spent money on flowers, where they were married - this is a survey, asking questions to find out what people do.

Get a number of brides together and encourage them to discuss what aspects of a wedding are most important to them - this is a focus group, getting people together to explore their opinions.

Read books on wedding planning to find out what is important - this is a literature study, examining what has been written about the problem.

You are building a mobile app that will collect data and remotely store information about the users of the app.

Which two types of data collection might cause legal or ethical problems? (Choose 2.)

• Names and addresses of everyone in the address book on the users mobile phone.

• Medical data collected to monitor health to be used to sell medicines to the user.

• Location data only used to show the user where they are on a map.

• Anonymized data on how often the user used their phone.

Names and addresses of everyone in the address book on the users mobile phone.

Medical data collected to monitor health to be used to sell medicines to the user.

You are analyzing how to improve a process. Move all the options to the answer area and place them in the correct order.

Analyze data; Decide what data you need and how you are going to gather it; Collect data; Interpret the results; Define what you need to know

1. Define what you need to know

2. Decide what data you need and how you are going to gather it

3. Collect data

4. Analyze data

5. Interpret the results

During a recent conversation with your neighbor, you learn that he has a bank account at the bank where you work. He is interested in money market accounts.

Under what situation would it be ethical for you to retrieve and examine his banking information?

• You are the marketing director of the bank.

• You are the president of the bank.

• You are the IT administrator for the bank.

• You are a personal banker and responsible for new accounts.

You are a personal banker and responsible for new accounts.

You have been hired by the local historical society in the town where you live to create a living exhibit about the veterans from your area that have served in the armed forces.

The goal is to capture their in-depth stories and experiences for future generations.

They have provided you with a list of the veterans to contact.

Which data collection method should you use for the project?

• Oral History

• Observation

• Documents and records

• Survey

Oral History