MISM Exam

MECE

Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive. It is a foundational business and problem-solving framework used to structure information, break down complex issues, and brainstorm solutions without overlap or gaps

Mutually Exclusive

Categories do not overlap with one another.

Collectively Exhaustive

All possible options or causes are covered without leaving gaps.

Porter’s Framework

A framework used to analyze industry competition and profitability.

1. Supplier Power

The ability of suppliers to increase prices or influence costs

2. Buyer Power

The ability of customers to force prices down or demand better value.

3. Competitive Rivalry

The intensity of competition among firms in an industry

4. Threat of Substitutes

The likelihood customers can switch to alternative products or services

5. Threat of New Entrants

The ease with which new competitors can enter a market.

Business Process

A sequence of activities used to accomplish a business goal.

Business Process Analysis

The examination of business processes to identify inefficiencies and improvements.

DARSIL Framework

A framework used to analyze and guide digital transformation efforts.

Digitization

Converting manual or paper-based information into digital form.

Digitalization

Using connected digital technologies to improve processes and operations.

Digital Transformation

Using technology to fundamentally change how a business operates and competes.

Business Requirements

Statements describing why a business needs to accomplish something.

Functional Requirements

Statements describing what a system or solution must do.

Design Requirements

Statements describing how a system or solution will achieve functionality.

Non-Functional Requirements

Requirements describing system quality, usability, security, reliability, or performance.

Information Requirements

Requirements describing what data is needed for decisions or problem-solving.

Processing Requirements

Requirements describing what activities must be completed to achieve a goal.

Strategic Activities

Long-term activities and decisions made by senior management

Tactical Activities

Periodic activities and decisions made by middle or lower managers.

Transactional Activities

Daily operational activities performed by frontline employees.

Hardware

Physical electronic components used to input, process, output, and store data.

Input Device

Hardware that sends data into a computer system

Output Device

Hardware that presents information from a computer to users.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary volatile primary storage used while the computer is running.

Volatile Memory

Memory that loses data when power is turned off.

Primary Storage

Temporary storage directly accessible by the CPU, such as RAM.

Secondary Storage

Permanent non-volatile storage used to store data long-term.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Magnetic storage device used for long-term data storage

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

A storage device using flash memory with no moving parts.

Flash Memory

Non-volatile semiconductor memory used in SSDs and USB drives.

Cache Memory

Very fast temporary memory located close to the CPU for frequently used data.

VRAM (Video RAM)

Memory used to store graphics-related data for displays and GPUs.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The processor that executes instructions and processes data.

ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)

The CPU component responsible for calculations and logical operations.

CU (Control Unit)

The CPU component responsible for controlling and coordinating operations

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

A processor designed for parallel processing of graphics and AI tasks.

Multicore Processor

A processor containing multiple cores on a single chip.

Multiprocessor Computer

A computer system containing multiple CPUs working together.

Moore’s Law

The prediction that the number of transistors on a chip doubles about every two years.

Quantum Tunneling

A phenomenon occurring when chips become extremely small, limiting Moore’s Law

Software

Programs and instructions that tell hardware what to do

Operating Systems (OS)

Software that manages hardware and system resources

Application Software

Software designed to perform user or business tasks

Programming Software

Software used to create and develop computer programs

Middleware

Software that enables communication between different applications or systems.

Utility Software

Software that helps maintain, secure, and optimize computer systems

Desktop Software

General-purpose software designed for individual users.

Functional Software

Software supporting tasks for one department or functional area.

Enterprise Software

Software supporting multiple departments and organization-wide integration.

Single-User Software

Software designed for one user at a time.

Multi-User Software

Software allowing multiple users to work concurrently.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

Integrated enterprise software used to manage organization-wide business processes.

Cloud ERP

ERP software hosted on remote servers and accessed through the Internet.

On-Premise ERP

ERP software installed and managed on a company’s own hardware and servers.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

Software used to manage customer interactions, sales, and support activities.

MAS (Marketing Automation System)

Software used to automate marketing campaigns and lead management.

Procurement Module

An ERP module used to manage purchasing and supplier relationships.

Inventory Management Module

An ERP module used to track inventory quantities and locations.

Order Management Module

An ERP module used to track customer orders from receipt to delivery.

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Software and processes used to manage the movement of goods through the supply chain.

Data

Raw facts and figures.

Information

Data presented in context to support decisions.

Knowledge

Insights derived from information and experience.

Database

An organized collection of digital information managed by a DBMS.

DSMS (Database Management System

Software used to create, manage, secure, and manipulate databases.

Relational Database

A database that stores information in related tables.

SQL (Structure Query Language)

A standard language used to create, manage, and query relational databases.

NoSQL Database

A database designed for unstructured or semi-structured data.

Structured Data

Data organized into fixed schemas such as rows and columns.

Semi-Structured Data

Data with partial organization, such as XML or JSON.

Unstructured Data

Data without a fixed format, such as images, videos, or web pages.

Table

A collection of related data organized into rows and columns.

Row/Record

A single entry in a database table.

Column/Field

A category of information in a database table.

Primary Key

A unique field used to identify each record in a table.

Foreign Key

A field used to connect one table to another.

One-to-Many Relationship

A relationship where one record in a table connects to multiple records in another table.

Database-centric approach

A system where applications share and manage data through databases.

Data Redundancy

The unnecessary duplication of data.

Data Integrity

The accuracy and consistency of data.

Distributed Database

A database stored across multiple locations but functioning as one system.

Centralized Database

A database stored at a single location or server.

Cloud Database

A database hosted on cloud servers and accessed through the Internet.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

Technology using wireless tags to track products and inventory.

POS System (Point-of-Sale System)

A transaction processing system that records customer purchases.

Vertical Integration

When a company controls multiple stages of its supply chain.

Omnichannel

A retail strategy integrating online and in-store customer experiences.

Inventory Optimization

Using technology and data to determine ideal inventory levels.

Just-In-Time Manufacturing

Producing goods in small batches close to customer demand timing.