Pathology Exam 2 Prep: missed objectives

Four types of emboli

thromboemboli, liquid emboli, gaseous emboli, solid particle emboli

Thromboemboli

blood clot

liquid emboli

fat, amniotic fluid

gaseous emboli

air

solid particle emboli

cholesterol, tumor cells

Causes of cardiomyopathy

alcohol, viral infections, genetic mutations

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

a surgical procedure using a vessel from elsewhere in the body

angioplasty

a catheter-based procedure where a balloon is used to widen an occluded artery

Atrial myxoma

the most common type of primary heart tumor

Intermittent Claudication

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during activity and immediately goes away with rest. Due to narrowed arteries.

Complications of an acute Myocardial Infarction

myocardial aneurysm/septal aneurysm, myocardial rupture, death, heart failture, arrhythmia 

which respiratory disease is marked by inspiratory stridor?

Croup

which part of the respiratory tract is managed by ENTs?

middle respiratory tract

Surfactant producing cells

Type 2 pneumocytes

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

triggered by exposure to organic dusts and antigens, resulting in a type III/IV hypersensitivity reaction

Achalasia

a motility disorder of the esophagus that causes narrowing of the lower esophagus that leads to difficulty swallowing and food back up

What distinguishes Ulcerative Colitis from Crohn’s disease?

Ulcerative colitis lacks granuloma formation, Crohn’s has granulomas

Cleft lip and palate are developmental abnormalities where which bones don’t fuse completely?

fetal nasal and maxillary

Villous Adenoma

a colorectal polyp that is sessile and has a higher risk of malignancy

When adenocarcinoma is in the left colon (descending) it grows to form which type of lesion?

a ring-shaped, constricting lesion.

Sarcoidosis

a disease marked by granulomas in the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver

pneumoconioses

lung diseases acquired from inhaling mineral dusts

what is the defining feature of silicosis

fibrous nodules in lungs

two main circulatory issues that deal with respiratory system

pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism

pulmonary fibrosis

restrictive lung disease that causes fibrotic changes to alveoli