Physical Science Exam 3

The source of sound is something that is?

vibrating

The vibrations along a sound wave move in a direction

along and parallet to the wave

A floating leaf oscillates up and down twice in 1 s as a water wave of wavelength 10 m passes by. What is the wave’s speed?

20 m/s

The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction

along the direction of wave travel

How does the speed of light that emerges from a pane of glass compare with the speed of light incident on the glass?

The incident and emerging speeds of light are the same

What is the relationship between refraction and the speed of light?

Light speed decreases when refracted in a medium

Does light travel faster in thin air or in dense air?

Light travels faster in thin air

What does the difference in speed have to do with the duration of daylight?

The duration of daylight is extended

A rainbow is the result of light in raindrops that undergo

Refraction, Internal Reflection, Dispersion

What is the speed of X-Rays in a vacuum?

3×10^8 m/s^-1

When light strikes glass perpendicularly, about 4% of light is reflected at each surface. Find the amount of light transmitted through a pane of window glass.

n=92%

Relative to radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves in a vacuum is

the same

Does the law of reflection apply to curved mirrors?

Yes, every small section of a curved mirror obeys the law of reflection

When you look downward at a fish in water, does refraction make the fish appear closer to the surface or deeper?

Closer

How do we account for the great variety of substances in the world?

There are many possible combinations of atoms

Isotopes are identified by their

atomic mass number

Rank the following elements by Atomic Radius: Ar, Si, Al, S, Na

Largest to Smallest: Na→Al→Si→S→Ar

Rank the following elements by Atomic Radius: Se, O, Te, S, Po

Largest to Smallest: Po→Te→Se→S→O

List several common transition metals

Tungsten, Platinum, Iron

The elements Fluorine, Chlorine, and Bromine are also known as

Halogens

Are most elements Metallic or Nonmetallic?

Metallic

How many periods are there in the Periodic Table?

7

How many groups are there in the Periodic Table?

18

An electron, when farther from the nucleus, has

more potential energy

A unit of light is the

Photon

How fast does an electron move within an atom?

About 2 million m/s

The period of the second hand on a clock is

60 s

If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period

is half

A wave travels an average distance of 5 m in 1 s. What is the wave’s velocity?

5 m/s

During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is

one wavelength

A sound wave is a

longitudinal wave

The speed of a sound wave in air depends on

the air temperature

The rule for the interaction of magnetic poles is similar to the rule for electric

charges

Unlike electric charges, magnetic poles cannot be

isolated

LIke kinds of magnetic poles repel while unlike kinds of magnetic poles

attract

Every magnet contains at least

two poles

Magnet A has twice the magnetic field strength of magnet B and pulls on magnet B with a force of 100 N. The amount of force that magnet A exerts on magnet B is

exactly 100 N

The explanation for all types of refraction involves a change in

speed

On days when the air nearest the ground is colder than air above, sound waves

tend to be refracted downward

While at a concert, a wind blows directly from the orchestra toward you. The wavelength of the sound you hear is

increased

Which of these has a higher frequency than visible light?

Ultraviolet wave

A sound wave and a light wave DO NOT have identical

speeds, wavelengths, frequencies

A wave with a high frequency has relatively

short wavelength

When ultraviolet light is incident upon glass, most atoms in the glass

resonate

Compared to the wavelength of incident light, diffuse reflection occurs when the size of surface irregularities is

larger

LIght travels faster in

a vacuum

When light is refracted, there is a change in its

wavelength

Which has the higher frequency? Blue, Red, or Green Light?

Blue Light

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains?

Carbon-12

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have?

fluorine-19

9

If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

Argon-38

Which of the following statements describes an isotope?

element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?

 

It has a relatively large mass.

proton or neutron

Which of the following elements is in the fourth period?

Chromium (Cr)

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

Chlorine (Cl)

Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)?

Br

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)?

C

Which atom is the smallest? Mg, Ca, Sr, Be?

Be

Magnetism is due to the motion of electrons as they

move around the nucleus and spin on their axes

Magnetic domains normally occur in

Iron

Magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire

circle the wire in closed loops

The magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire form

circles

A magnetic field exists in a current-carrying coil of wire

With or without a contained piece of iron

The magnetic field inside a current-carrying coil increases when

current is increased and the number of loops of wire in the coil increases

Moving electric charges will interact with

an electric and magnetic field

No magnetic force acts on a current carrying wire when it does not

carry a very small current or is perpendicular to the magnetic field

A wave is a vibration in

space and time

A wave having a frequency of 1000 Hz vibrates at

1000 cycles per second

How many vibrations per second are associated with a 101-MHz radio wave?

101,000,000

In Europe an electric razor completes 50 vibrations in 1 s. The frequency of these vibrations is

50 Hz with a period of 1/50

The frequency of the second hand on a clock is

1/60 Hz

The pendulum with the greatest frequency has the

shortest period and shortest length

The source of all wave motion is a

vibrating object

A wave travels an average distance of 6 m in 1 s. What is the wave's velocity?

6 m/s

A weight suspended from a spring bobs up and down one complete cycle every 2 s. Its frequency is

0.5 Hz

A weight suspended from a spring bobs up and down one complete cycle every 2 s. Its period is

2 s

The medium in which a wave travels

transmits the wave

A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles each 1 s as a water wave passes by. What is the wave's frequency?

2 Hz

You dip your finger repeatedly into water and make waves. If you dip your finger more frequently, the wavelength of the waves

shortens

Radio waves travel at the speed of light, 300,000~km/s The wavelength of a radio wave received at 100 MHz is

3.0 m

A boat at anchor is rocked by waves whose crests are 40 m apart and with wave speed 10 m/s. These waves reach the boat once every

4.0 s

In a longitudinal wave, the compressions and rarefactions travel in

the same direction

Which of the following is a longitudinal wave? sound, light, or radio?

Sound

Compressions and rarefactions normally travel

in the same direction in a wave

The range of human hearing is about

20 Hz-20,000 Hz

Sound waves cannot travel in

a vacuum

An explosion occurs 34 km away. For sound that travels at $340~m/s.$ you'll hear the explosion in

more than 20 s

The reflection of sound is

an echo

Ultrasonic sound that travels at 1530~m/s in ocean water is bounced off the ocean floor and returns to the ship above. If the round trip takes 3 s, the depth of the water is

2295 m

Resonance occurs when a 200-Hz tuning fork encounters a sound wave with a frequency of

200 Hz

The source of electromagnetic waves is vibrating

electric charges

The frequency of an electromagnetic wave and the frequency of the vibrating electrons that produce it are

the same

Which of the following occupies the smallest percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum?

visible light

Which of these has the longest wavelength?

radio waves

Electromagnetic waves can travel in

a vacuum and water

The main difference between a radio wave and a sound wave is

basic nature

A wave with a high frequency has a relatively

short wavelength

If a light signal and a radio signal were emitted simultaneously from the Moon, the first signal to reach Earth would be

radio and light

A diver shines light up to the surface of a smooth pond at a 10° angle to the normal. Some light passes into the air above, and the part that reflects back into the water makes an angle to the normal of

10 degrees

Light is incident upon a pane of window glass at a particular angle. The angle of emerging light is

the same