INTERACTION ELEMENT - PART 1

Interaction Models

translations between user and system

Ergonomics

physical characteristics of interaction

Interaction Styles

the nature of user/system dialog

Context

social, organizational, motivational

user, system

Interaction involves at least two participants: the ___ and the ____

models of interaction

Use of ______ can help us to understand exactly what is going on in the interaction and identify the likely root of difficulties

Domain

the area of work under study

Goal

what you want to achieve

Task

how you go about doing it, ultimately in terms of operations or actions

Intention

____ is a specific action required to meet the goal

Task analysis

______ involves the identification of the problem space

core, task

The System's language (____ language) focuses on technical details, while the User's language (___ language) is based on how people think about the task

computer program

The system is usually a _____, but these ideas can also apply to non-computer tools.

Norman’s model

_____ concentrates on user’s view of the interface

execution, evaluation

The interactive cycle can be divided into two major phases: _____ and ______

Goal, intentions, actions

____ always remain the same, but _____ and _____ change

Gulf of Execution

user’s formulation of actions ≠ actions allowed by the system

Gulf of Evaluation

user’s expectation of changed system state ≠ actual presentation of this state

• User

• Input

• System

• Output

interaction framework has 4 parts:

translation

problems in interaction = problems in _____

User Input and Mapping

A system should allow users to express their goals in a way that feels natural

System Processing

The system takes the user's input and performs an action, but some systems have limitations

System Output and User Evaluation

The system provides feedback, and users must understand it to know if their goal was achieved

Ergonomics, human factors

_____ (or ______) is traditionally the study of the physical characteristics of the interaction

Ergonomics

How the controls are designed, the physical environment in which the interaction takes place, and the layout and physical qualities of the screen

user performance

A primary focus of ergonomics is on ______ and how the interface enhances or detracts from this

Liveware, Hardware, Software, Environment

• _____ - the person you and I

• _____- physical e.g. your tools,

• _____- non physical, e.g. SOP

• _____- situation in which the L-H-S system interact

Functional controls

_____ and displays are organized so that those that are functionally related are placed together

Sequential controls

_____ and displays are organized to reflect the order of their use in a typical interaction (this may be especially appropriate in domains where a particular task sequence is enforced, such as aviation)

Frequency controls

_____ and displays are organized according to how frequently they are used, with the most commonly used controls being the most easily accessible

Office

direct manipulation – user interacts with artificial world

Industrial

indirect manipulation – user interacts with real world through interface