H. Globalisation and the Exploitation of Women

Globalisation has provided criminals with the opportunity to exploit already ___ ___, such as women and children becoming commodities to be ___, ___ and ___.

Globalisation has provided criminals with the opportunity to exploit already vulnerable groups, such as women and children becoming commodities to be bought, sold and consumed.

The criminals involve

• Tourists

• Organised ___ ___

• Traffickers

• ___

• Those seeking ___ ___

The criminals involve

• Tourists

• Organised crime rings

• Traffickers

• Pimps

• Those seeking sexual entertainment

The internet has made it easier for exploitation to be organised in an ___ ___ ___.

The internet has made it easier for exploitation to be organised in an unregulated digital world.

As national boundaries have become ___ ___, the illegal movement of people has become much easier to coordinate and as a result, ___ ___ has risen.

As national boundaries have become less significant, the illegal movement of people has become much easier to coordinate and as a result, people trafficking has risen.

Arlaccki (1997), who led the United Nations efforts to fight against organised ___, states that exploitation has been one of the most ___ ___ of globalisation, and this is not currently considered a priority by any ___.

Arlaccki (1997), who led the United Nations efforts to fight against organised crime, states that exploitation has been one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation, and this is not currently considered a priority by any country.

The CEOP (Child Exploitation and ___ ___ ___) play a leading role in protecting children, and in the year ___ ___ reported that…

The CEOP (Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre) play a leading role in protecting children, and in the year 2012-13 reported that…

1. 790 children were subject to ___ or ___ as a result of CEOP activity

1. 790 children were subject to safeguarding or protection as a result of CEOP activity

2. There were ___ reports relating to child sexual exploitation

2. There were 18,000 reports relating to child sexual exploitation

3. 2,800 intelligence reports were sent to UK and overseas ___ ___ agencies relating to individuals suspected of being involved in child sexual abuse, ___ people suspected of online ___ ___ were arrested

3. 2,800 intelligence reports were sent to UK and overseas law enforcement agencies relating to individuals suspected of being involved in child sexual abuse, 192 people suspected of online child exploitation were arrested

Negative impacts of ___ on women include…

Negative impacts of exploitation on women include…

1. Physical, sexual, ___ ___ with both short and long term effects and implications

1. Physical, sexual, emotional abuse with both short and long term effects and implications

2. The ___ ___ of women (women being something to be bought and sold)

2. The further commodification of women (women being something to be bought and sold)

3. The ability to share the ___ of men’s violence towards women

3. The ability to share the eroticising of men’s violence towards women

4. Objectification, women become increasingly regarded as objects without ___, ___ or ___ due to increased access to images depicting them in this way being ___ ___ on the internet

4. Objectification, women become increasingly regarded as objects without feelings, dignity or rights due to increased access to images depicting them in this way being easily accessed on the internet

5. Sexualised ___ ___ becomes seen as less serious as it is prevalent

5. Sexualised violent imagery becomes seen as less serious as it is prevalent

6. Viewing violence against women, such as ___ ___ of their ex partners naked, provides a new form of ___ ___ over women, which reflects the continuation of patriarchy which goes ___ ___

• Few men are ever detected, found responsible or ___

• The lack of regulation in the ___ ___ makes it even less likely for ___ to be found

6. Viewing violence against women, such as exposing pictures of their ex partners naked, provides a new form of social control over women, which reflects the continuation of patriarchy which goes largely unchallenged

• Few men are ever detected, found responsible or prosecuted

• The lack of regulation in the digital world makes it even less likely for perpetrators to be found

Hughes (1999) mentions that the type of ___ ___ on the internet include

• Bride ___

• Sex ___

• Exchange of information on where to ___ ___

• Live sex shows through ___

Hughes (1999) mentions that the type of sexual exploitation on the internet include

• Bride trafficking

• Sex tourism

• Exchange of information on where to buy prostitutes

• Live sex shows through videoconferencing

There have been ___ ___ to the perceived and real lack of women in digital communication.

There have been practical responses to the perceived and real lack of women in digital communication.

FemTechNet is a network of scholars, artists and students who work on ___, ___ and ___ in a variety of fields.

FemTechNet is a network of scholars, artists and students who work on technology, science and feminism in a variety of fields.

Feminist academics write blogs about the structures in place that have kept women from engaging in ___ ___.

Feminist academics write blogs about the structures in place that have kept women from engaging in digital humanities.

The Centre for Social Justice (2013) conclude that slaves include ___ ___ and those from abroad, who are exploited in the ___ ___, through forced labour, domestic servitude in the home, and forced ___ ___.

The Centre for Social Justice (2013) conclude that slaves include UK nationals and those from abroad, who are exploited in the sex industry, through forced labour, domestic servitude in the home, and forced criminal activity.

This exploitation takes place in factories, fields, ___ ___, ___ and houses.

This exploitation takes place in factories, fields, construction sites, brothels and houses.

Their research shows that a large proportion of cases are ___ ___ and do not appear in any statistics or measures of the size of the ___.

Their research shows that a large proportion of cases are never recognised and do not appear in any statistics or measures of the size of the problem.

The study reveals that in 2011, of the ____ potential victims of ___ ___ identified by the UK Human Trafficking Centre, ___% of the individuals were male.

The study reveals that in 2011, of the 2077 potential victims of modern slavery identified by the UK Human Trafficking Centre, 40% of the individuals were male.

The majority of sexual exploitation continues to affect women, in 2011, ___% of those identified as trafficked into ___ ___ were women.

The majority of sexual exploitation continues to affect women, in 2011, 94% of those identified as trafficked into sexual exploitation were women.