Lab XVI and XVII

what is the acetabulum formed by

the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

what does the acetabular socket do?

holds the head of the femur

what surrounds the acetabular socket

acetabular labrum, a fibrocartilaginous lip that helps deepen the socket

what ligaments are formed by the thickenings from the fibrous layer of the joint capsule? what do they do?

pubofemoral (restricts abductions), iliofemoral (prevents hyperextension), ischiofemoral (prevents hyperextension)

what is the purpose of the patella

increases the leverage angle of the quadriceps muscle

what is a broken hip

fracture of the neck of the femur (requiring a lot of force), common in those with osteoporosis

list all the gluteal muscles

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris

which gluteal muscles are analogous to the rotator cuff muscles?

the short lateral rotators of the thigh (PGOGOQ)

origin of gluteus maximus

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

insertion of gluteus maximus

iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity, femoral shaft

innervation of gluteus maximus

inferior gluteal nerve

actions of gluteus maximus

extension and lateral rotation of the thigh

origin of gluteus medius

ilium external surface

insertion of gluteus medius

greater trochanter of the femur

innervation of gluteus medius

inferior gluteal nerve

actions of gluteus medius

abduction, medial rotation of the thigh, prevents pelvic tilt with gait

origin of gluteus minimus

ilium external surface

insertion of gluteus minimus

greater trochanter of the femur

innervation of gluteus minimus

inferior gluteal nerve

actions of gluteus minimus

abduction, medial rotation of the thigh, prevents pelvic tilt with gait

origin of tensor fasciae latae

iliac crest

insertion of tensor fasciae latae

iliotibial tract

innervation of tensor fasciae latae

inferior gluteal nerve

actions of tensor fasciae latae

stabilizes knee joint in extension of the thigh

origin of piriformis

sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

insertion of piriformis

greater trochanter of the femur

action of piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris

lateral rotation of the thigh, stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum

origin of gemellus superior

ischial spine

insertion of gemellus superior

greater trochanter of the femur

origin of obturator internus

inner surface of obturator foramen

insertion of obturator internus

greater trochanter of the femur

origin of gemellus inferior

ischial tuberosity

insertion of gemellus inferior

greater trochanter of the femur

origin of obturator externus

outer margins of obturator foramen

insertion of obturator externus

greater trochanter of the femur

origin of quadratus femoris

ischial tuberosity

insertion of quadratus femoris

intertrochanteric crest of femur

what is Trendelenburg gait/sign

if standing on one leg, the opposite hip drops, there is a positive Trendelenburg sign, indicating weakness of gluteus medius and minimis on the standing leg

what is piriformis syndrome

compression of the sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle

what are the muscles of the posterior thigh

biceps femoris long and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

what are the posterior thigh muscles innervated by

hamstrings: tibial nerve, short head of biceps femoris: common fibular nerve

what supplies blood to the posterior thigh

deep femoral artery

origin of biceps femoris long head

ischial tuberosity

insertion of biceps femoris long head

fibular head

actions of biceps femoris long head

extends thigh, flexes leg

origin of biceps femoris short head

linea aspera (on femur)

insertion of biceps femoris short head

fibular head

actions of biceps femoris short head

flexes leg

origin of semitendinosus

ischial tuberosity

insertion of semitendinosus

proximal medial shaft of tibia

actions of semitendinosus

extends thigh, flexes leg

origin of semimembranosus

ischial tuberosity

insertion of semimembranosus

tibia medial condyle

actions of semimembranosus

extends thigh, flexes leg

list the hamstring muscles and their common action

biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

extend thigh and flex leg

list the muscles of the anterior thigh

sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

what are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by

femoral nerve

what supplies blood to the anterior thigh

femoral artery

origin of sartorius

ASIS

insertion of sartorius

proximal medial shaft of tibia

actions of sartorius

flexes, laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg

origin of rectus femoris

AIIS

insertion of rectus femoris

patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

action of rectus femoris

flexes thigh, extends leg

origin of vastus lateralis

greater trochanter of the femur

insertion of vastus lateralis

patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

actions of vastus lateralis

extends leg

origin of vastus medialis

intertrochanteric line

insertion of vastus medialis

patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

actions of vastus medialis

extends leg

origin of vastus intermedius

anterior femoral shaft

insertion of vastus intermedius

patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

actions of vastus intermedius

extends leg

what is the patellar reflex

stretch reflex that tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments (femoral nerve) by hitting the patellar ligament. this stretches it, activating the femoral nerve to extend the quadriceps femoris m.

origin of iliopsoas

lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest and fossa

insertion of iliopsoas

lesser trochanter of the femur

actions of iliopsoas

flexes thigh (powerfully)

where is iliopsoas in relation to the VAN bundle

lateral to the VAN bundle

list the muscles of the medial thigh

pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus (adductor portion, hamstring portion), gracilis

what innervates the medial thigh

obturator nerve (hamstring portion of adductor magnus is innervated by tibial nerve)

what supplies blood to the medial thigh

obturator artery (main) and perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

origin of pectineus

superior pubic ramus

insertion of pectineus

pectineal line of femur

actions of pectineus

adducts, some flexion of thigh

origin of adductor brevis

ischiopubic ramus

insertion of adductor brevis

linea aspera (top 1/3)

actions of adductor brevis

adducts, some flexion of thigh

origin of adductor longus

crest of pubic symphysis

insertion of adductor longus

linea aspera (middle 1/3)

actions of adductor longus

adducts, some flexion of thigh

origin of adductor portion of adductor magnus

ischiopubic ramus

insertion of adductor portion of adductor magnus

linea aspera (lower 1/3)

actions of adductor portion of adductor magnus

adducts thigh

origin of hamstring portion of adductor magnus

ischial tuberosity

insertion of hamstring portion of adductor magnus

adductor tubercle of femur

action of hamstring portion of adductor magnus

extends thigh

origin of gracilis

symphysis pubis

insertion of gracilis

proximal medial shaft of tibia

actions of gracilis

adducts thigh, slight leg flexion

what arteries arise from the internal iliac artery

superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, obturator artery