Behavioral Sciences-Parts of the Forebrain

The _____ is a structure within the forebrain that serves as an important relay station for incoming sensory information

thalamus

True or False: The thalamus receives information of all five senses

false

Which part of the forebrain is considered a sensory “way station”?

thalamus

The ______ serves homeostatic functions and is a key player in emotional experiences during high arousal states, aggressive and sexual behavior

hypothalamus

What are the functions of the hypothalamus (the four Fs)?

feeding, fighting, flighting, (sexual) functioning

Controlling endocrine functions and the ANS are some other functions of the ______

hypothalamus

What are the three subdivisions of the hypothalamus?

lateral, ventromedial, anterior

______ hypothalamus has special receptors that detect when the body needs more food or fluids, triggering eating and drinking

lateral

When the _______ is removed from lab rats, they refuse to eat or drink

lateral hypothalamus

_______ hypothalamus provides signals to stop eating

ventromedial

Brain lesions in the ______ lead to obesity

ventromedial hypothalamus

_______ hypothalamus controls sexual behavior

anterior

Which subdivision of the hypothalamus regulates sleep and body temperature?

anterior

Damage to the _______ leads to permanent inhibition of sexual activity

anterior hypothalamus

______ it the site of release for certain hypothalamic hormones

posterior pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone is also known as _______

vasopressin

Which hormones are released at the posterior pituitary?

vasopressin and oxytocin

______ controls biological rhythms

pineal gland

The pineal gland secretes a hormone known as ______, which regulates circadian rhythms

melatonin

The ______ coordinate muscle movement, ensuring smooth movements and steady posture

basal ganglia

The ______ gathers information about body position and carries this information to the CNS

extrapyramidal system

______ is a chronic illness associated with destruction of portions of the basal ganglia

Parkinson’s disease

_____ is a group of interconnected structures primarily associated with emotion and memory

limbic system

The ____ contain one of the primary pleasure centers and is associated with addictive behavior

septal nuclei

The _____ plays an important role in defensive and aggressive behaviors, including fear and rage

amygdala

True or False: Damage to the amygdala reduces aggression and fear reactions

true

True or False: Lesions to the amygdala result in low sexual states

false

The ______ plays a vital role in learning and memory

hippocampus

The hippocampus communicates with other portions of the limbic system through a projection called the ______

fornix

______ is memory loss characterized by not being able to establish new long-term memories, but memories before the brain injury remain intact

anterograde amnesia

_______ is memory loss of events that transpired before brain injury

retrograde amnesia

The ______ functions in higher order cognitive processes like impulse control and decision-making, as well as emotion and motivation

anterior cingulate cortex

The outer surface of the brain is the _____

cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex is also called the ______

neocortex

The bumps in the cortex are called _______

gyri

The grooves in the cortex are called ______

sulci

The cerebrum is divided into two halves called the _______

cerebral hemispheres

What are the four lobes of the cortex?

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

What structure is indicated here?

frontal lobe

What structure is indicated here?

primary motor cortex

What structure is indicated here?

primary somatosensory cortex

What structure is indicated here?

parietal lobe

What structure is indicated here?

occipital lobe

What structure is indicated here?

temporal lobe

What structure is indicated here?

thalamus

What structure is indicated here?

corpus callosum

What structure is indicated here?

fornix

What structure is indicated here?

septal nuclei

What structure is indicated here?

amygdala

What structure is indicated here?

hippocampus

What two regions is the frontal lobe comprised of?

prefrontal cortex and motor cortex

The ________ manages executive functions by supervising and directing the operations of other brain regions

prefrontal cortex

Damage to the _______ may cause someone to be more impulsive and less in control of their behavior

prefrontal cortex

A _______ is an area that integrates input from diverse regions of the brain. An example is the prefrontal cortex.

association area

A ________ is an area that performs more rudimentary perceptual and motor tasks. An example is the primary motor cortex.

projection area

The ________ divides the frontal and parietal lobes

central sulcus

The _______ is where the primary motor cortex is located on

precentral gyrus

The _______ initiates voluntary motor movements

primary motor cortex

_______ is a part of the frontal lobe that is vitally important for speech production

Broca’s area

True or False: Broca’s area is found in both hemispheres

false

_________ is involved in somatosensory information processing and is the destination for all incoming sensory signals for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

somatosensory cortex

The somatosensory cortex is located on the ______

postcentral gyrus

The somatosensory cortex and ______ are very closely related

motor cortex

The central region of the _______ is associated with spatial processing and manipulation

parietal lobe

The visual cortex is located in the _____ lobe

occipital

The _____ lobe functions in sound processing, speech perception, memory, and emotion

temporal

The ________ is the primary site of most sound processing

auditory cortex

_________ is associated with language reception and comprehension

Wernicke’s area

True or False: The lobes are not truly independent of one another

true

The dominant hemisphere is defined as the one that is more heavily stimulated during ________

language reception and perception

The ______ hemisphere is primarily analytic in function, well-suited for managing details

dominant

The _______ hemisphere is associated with intuition, creativity, music cognition, and spatial processing

nondominant

True or False: The left hemiphere is the dominant hemisphere in most people, regardless of handedness

true