Lab 7-13 Review

Identify the highlighted digestive system structure.

body 

fundus

pylorus

cardia

body 

Where does the carbon dioxide that you exhale come from?

transcription of electron transport chain genes

the generation of ATP synthetase

translation of cytochrome C

reactions of cellular respiration

reactions of cellular respiration

Identify the highlighted digestive system structure.

liver

stomach

spleen

gallbladder

stomach

Identify the nephron/collecting system structure labeled D.

glomerulus

collecting duct

nephron loop

proximal convoluted tubule

nephron loop

Identify the salivary gland structure labeled E.

submandibular gland

parotid gland

sublingual gland

palatine gland

parotid gland

Some chromosomal disorders such as Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome are caused by having an extra copy of a chromosome. Having an extra chromosome copy is called

tetrasomy

monosomy

trisomy

disomy

trisomy

A temporary state of metabolic alkalosis results from a normal biological process called alkaline tide. When does alkaline tide occur?

when an individual is eating

when an individual is urinating

when an individual is sleeping

when an individual is exercising

when an individual is eating

In what direction, if any, would air move if the pressure inside the lungs was greater than the pressure outside the lungs?

air would move into the lungs

no movement of air

none of the answers are correct

air would move out of the lungs

air would move out of the lungs

Identify the highlighted respiratory structure (midsagittal view).

nasopharynx

laryngopharynx

trachea

oropharynx

oropharynx

During oogenesis, two or three nonfunctional cells are produced that will eventually disintegrate. What is the name of these cells?

Leydig cells

polar bodies

nurse cells

thecal cells

polar bodies

Identify the female reproductive structure labeled “B”.

perimetrium 

epimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

myometrium

Glomerulonephritis can cause an acid-base imbalance called

metabolic acidosis

respiratory acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

The enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin are essential for fertilization to occur. Where are these enzymes located?

acrosome of the sperm

sperm nucleus

outer ovum membrane

zona pellucida

acrosome of the sperm

Identify the large intestine structure labeled C.

ascending colon

cecum

transverse colon 

right colic (hepatic) flexure

ascending colon

After oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis, the nuclear material remaining within the ovum reorganizes to become the

zygotic blastocoele

zona pellucida

female pronucleus

second polar body

female pronucleus

Identify the implantation structure labeled I.

cytotrophoblast

trophoblast

lacuna

amniotic cavity

amniotic cavity

What type of trait inheritance occurs when one allele dominates the second allele and determines the phenotype?

codominance

polygenic dominance

strict dominance

incomplete dominance

strict dominance

Which answer describes tubular secretion?

it drives the osmosis of water

it occurs in the glomerular capsule

it disposes of toxins, drugs and metabolic wastes

it returns glucose and amino acids to the blood

it disposes of toxins, drugs and metabolic wastes

Identify the digestive system structure labeled H.

gallbladder

pancreas

liver

stomach

liver

Where is electron transport system-generated ATP produced in the cell?

mitochondria

nucleus

golgi complex

cytoplasm

mitochondria

What effect does complete enzyme denaturation have on enzyme activity?

enzyme denaturation has no effect on enzyme activity

the enzyme will lose activity

the enzyme will greatly increase in activity

the enzyme will require a different cofactor

the enzyme will lose activity

Ovulation marks the end of which phase of the ovarian cycle?

the progesterone phase

the menstrual phase

the follicular phase

the luteal phase

the follicular phase

Identify the nasal cavity/pharynx structure labeled A.

epiglottis

submandibular tonsil

lingual tonsil

palatine tonsil

palatine tonsil

Identify the nutrient pool molecules labeled A.

citric acid cycle

glucose

amino acids

fatty acids

fatty acids

What is the effect of decreased plasma P_CO2 on pH?

there is no effect on plasma pH

pH decreases

the pH decreases, then returns to normal

pH increases

pH increases

What phosphorylation mechanism is used to generate ATP in the ETS?

oxidative phosphorylation

both substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation

photophosphorylation

substrate-level phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

Identify the nasal cavity/pharynx structure labeled F.

nasopharynx

epiglottis

laryngopharynx

glottis

epiglottis

Type B blood is a strict dominant trait and type O is a strict recessive trait. John has type O blood and Mary is heterozygous for type B blood (Bo). If John and Mary reproduce, what is the chance that their child will have type O blood?

25%

75%

50%

0%

50%

___________is a rare hereditary lung disease that causes an excess production of mucus resulting in blockage of airways.

COPD

ARDS

Cystic fibrosis

Emphysema

Cystic fibrosis

When P_CO2 levels increase, carbonic acid forms. What effect does this have on H+ concentration and plasma pH?

increases H+ concentration which decreases pH

decreases H+ concentration which decreases pH

increases H+ concentration which increases pH

decreases H+ concentration which increases pH

increases H+ concentration which decreases pH

When a molecule is _______ it loses electrons, and when a molecule is ______ it gains electrons.

oxidized; reduced

a free radical; neutral

reduced oxidized 

sad; happy

oxidized; reduced

In the PCT, the apical membrane of epithelial cells cotransport sodium and glucose. Since they are moving in the same direction, this cotransporter is a/n _____________.

symporter 

antiporter

leak channel

aquaporin

symporter

Identify the male reproductive structure labeled B.

prostatic urethra

ductus deferens

ejaculatory duct

spongy urethra

ejaculatory duct

The pressure created in a fluid by large nondiffusible molecules, such as plasma proteins that cannot move across a capillary wall is called ___________ pressure.

colloid osmotic

mean arterial

hydrostatic

partial

colloid osmotic

Around day 15, a third germ layer forms between the superficial and deep layers of the inner cell mass through a cell migration process known as ___________.

gastrulation

differentiation

pellucidation

embryonation

gastrulation

Identify the respiratory system structure labeled C.

bronchioles 

nasal cavity

sinuses

pharynx

sinuses

Identify the stomach structure labeled F.

fundus

body

pyloric sphincter

pylorus

pylorus

An arterial blood gas was performed on a patient and the following results were obtained:

pH = 7.55

CO₂ = 30 mm Hg

HCO₃^- = 23 mEq/L

What type of acid-base imbalance would be indicative of these values?

respiratory acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

Hypertension exposes the glomerular filtration membrane to increased force. Which force would be affected by hypertension?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) 

efferent arteriole pressure (EAP)

capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP)

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) 

What step of cellular respiration produces most of the high energy coenzyme molecules for the electron transport system?

intermediate step 

glycolysis

ETS

citric acid cycle

citric acid cycle

Identify the kidney structure labeled C.

hilum

ureter

major calyx

renal pelvis

renal pelvis

Identify the ovary structure labeled "H".

secondary oocyte

corona radiata

corpus albicans

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

What molecule will pyruvate be converted to if there are inadequate amounts of oxygen in the cytoplasm?

amine

pyruvate is not converted to any other molecule

lipopolysaccharide

lactic acid

lactic acid

Identify the female reproductive structure labeled B.

cervix 

ovary

uterine tube

clitoris

uterine tube

Identify the highlighted respiratory structure (anterior view).

tracheal cartilage

thyroid cartilage

pharynx

cricoid cartilage

thyroid cartilage

At what stage does the ovum burst out of the follicle into the duct system of the female reproductive tract?

the Graafian follicle stage 

the implantation phase

the proliferative phase

the menstrual phase

the Graafian follicle stage 

Identify the intestinal segment labeled A.

duodenum

ileum

jejunum

large intestine

duodenum

Emphysema, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia can result in a condition of _____________.

respiratory acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

Identify the cleavage/blastocyst structure labeled C.

advanced morula

inner cell mass

trophoblast

early morula

advanced morula

Identify the kidney structure labeled E.

renal medulla 

renal pyramid

renal cortex

renal papilla

renal pyramid