2026S2 WA2 Geography

Positive relationship

Both variables are increasing or decreasing

Negative relationship

One variable is increasing while the other is decreasing

No relationship

No pattern can be observed between both variables.

Answer structure OSO:

Overall, Significance, oddity

Primary data

Data collected by you. Collected first-hand, gathered during fieldwork

Examples of primary data

Photos taken by students, sketches, drawn on site, survey answers collected by students

Secondary data

Data collected by others, found in existing sources

Examples of secondary data

Textbooks, news articles, maps or websites

Primary data collection methods

Close-ended questionnaire surveys with pre-defined responses, mental maps

Frequency scale

Question starts with “How often”, range of responses based on number of occurences

Ranking scale

Used to get participants to compare

Sampling methods

Simple random sampling, convenience sampling

Simple random sampling

Each person/grid square given a number, random number generator used to select the samples.

Pros of simple random sampling

Reduces bias - researcher doesn’t choose samples. Higher chance of being representative

Cons of simple random sampling

Sample selected may still not be diverse enough by chance. Some groups may be over represented while others are under represented

Convenience sampling

Samples chosen because they are easy to access, based on convenience

Pros of convenience sampling

Quick and easy way to collect data, useful when time or resources are limited

Cons of convenience sampling

Sample may be biased as researcher chooses them. Data collected may not be representative of whole population - difficult to generalise findings.