Democracy and Political Opposition: Key Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts related to democracy, political polarization, and strategies for political engagement.

Mutual Toleration

A norm whereby all political parties accept one another as legitimate and have the right to govern if they adhere to established rules.

Forbearance

A norm characterized by restraint and self-control, where parties avoid playing 'constitutional hardball' and prioritize compromise.

Democratic Backsliding

The weakening of democratic norms, leading to a decline in democratic practices and governance.

Affective Polarization

The phenomenon where individuals develop strong emotional responses towards opposing political groups, leading to increased hostility.

Reciprocal Group Reflection

A method aimed at reducing affective polarization by fostering perspective-giving and perspective-getting, thereby creating empathy and understanding across partisan divides.

Explanatory Variables (Gamboa)

The two dimensions highlighted by Gamboa that determine whether autocrats successfully weaken democracy are the political opposition's strength and strategic choice.

National Security Crises

Situations where the emphasis on security may undermine democratic norms and institutions in favor of immediate safety.

Constitutional Hardball

The aggressive use of political power in ways that undermine the democratic process, such as ignoring established rules or norms.

Empathy in Political Discourse

The development of understanding and compassion for differing political views, which can facilitate communication and reduce conflict.

Institutional and Extra-Institutional Strategies

Different approaches used by political actors to achieve their goals, ranging from formal procedures within institutions to informal means like protests.