DNA nucleic acid recap and stuff u need to recap

draw strucutre of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid

gene editing what is this, list the types and an example

1. deletion

2. insertion

3. substitution

the CRIPSR-Cas9

describe the process of the hershey and chase experiment and how did they discover that DNA is the genetic material

• purpose: The experiment aimed to determine whether DNA or protein was the genetic material of the cell, using the T2 bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) [1].

• Properties of Proteins: Hershey and Chase grew one batch of viruses in a medium containing radioactive sulfur-35. Because sulfur is found in proteins (amino acids like cysteine and methionine) but not in DNA, this selectively labeled the viral protein coat [1].

• Properties of DNA: They grew a second batch of viruses in a medium containing radioactive phosphorus-32 Because phosphorus is found in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA but not in proteins, this selectively labeled the viral DNA [1].

• Infection Step: Each batch of radioactive virus was allowed to infect separate cultures of E. coli bacteria, injecting its genetic material into the host [1].

• Separation Process: The mixtures were agitated in a blender to detach the empty viral protein coats (ghosts) from the surface of the bacterial cells, and then spun in a centrifuge [1].

• Centrifugation Results: Centrifugation separated the mixture by density: the heavier bacteria formed a solid pellet at the bottom of the tube, while the lighter, empty viral coats remained suspended in the liquid supernatant

draw full ribose sugar srucc