Bones of the Lower Extremity-BIO 2300 Unit 2a

What are the three fused bones in the pelvis?

ilium, ischium, pubis

What is the relevance of the acetablum?

-Receives head of the femur.

-Socket of ball and socket joint.

-Anatomically Lateral

What is the relevance of the Obturator Foramen?

The obturator nerve passes through.

What is the relevance of the Triradiate Cartilage?

It is where 3 bones fuse at 13-16 y.o.a.

What is the relevance of the pubis (bone)?

Anterior most bone of the hip.

What is the relevance of the Pubic Tubercle?

Landmark; medial attachment for inguinal ligament.

What is the relevance of the Ischium (bone)?

Inferior-most bone of the hip.

What is the relevance of the ischial spine?

-Attachment of sacrospinous ligament.

-Separates Greater from lesser sciatic notch.

What is the relevance of the ischial tuberosity?

-Attachment of the sacrotuberous ligament.

-Attachment of Hamstring Muscles of Posterior thigh.

What is the relevance of the Ilium (bone)?

Superior-most bone of the hip.

What is the relevance of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine?

-Anterior extent of the Illiac Crest.

-Landmark.

-Lateral attachment of Inguinal Ligament.

-Proximal attachment: Sartorius m.

What is the relevance of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

Proximal attachment: rectus femoris m.

What is the relevance of the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine?

-Posterior extent of Iliac Crest

-Landmark

-Dimples in lower back: vertebral level S2

What is the relevance of the Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

Superior attachment for the long sacrotuberous ligament.

What is the relevance of the Iliac Crest?

-Landmark

-Vertebral level L4

What is the relevance of the Greater Sciatic Notch/Foramen?

Passageway for Sciatic Nerve.

What is the relevance of the Inguinal Ligament?

-ASIS to pubic tubercle

-great landmark for femoral vessels and nerve

What is the relevance of the head of femur?

Articulates with acetabulum.

What is the relevance of the fovea capitis?

-Minor blood vessels enter

-Small ligament attaches.

What is the relevance of the greater trochanter?

Distal attachment: multiple gluteal muscles.

What is the relevance of the lesser trochanter?

Distal attachment: Iliopsoas m.

Where is the intertrochanteric crest?

In between the trochanters

What is the relevance of the Linea Aspera?

Common attachment of multiple anterior and medial thigh muscles

What is the relevance of the medial and lateral condyles of femur?

Articulate with condyles of tibia

What is the relevance of the medial and lateral epicondyles?

Attachments for collateral ligaments.

What is the relevance of the Intercondylar fossa?

ACL and PCL attach to the walls of this fossa

What is the relevance of the medial and lateral condyles of tibia?

-Location of medial and lateral menisci

-Articulate directly with condyles of femur

What is the relevance of the Intercondylar eminence?

-ACL attaches just anterior to

-PCL attaches just posterior to

What is the relevance of the tibial tuberosity?

Receives patellar ligament

What is the relevance of the medial malleolus?

Articulates with medial surface of talus (of foot)

What is the relevance of the head of fibula?

-Does not articulate with femur.

-Attachment site for specific ligaments and muscles.

What is the relevance of the lateral malleolus?

Articulates with lateral surface of talus (of foot)

Digit 1 only has

Proximal Phalanx and Distal Phalanx.

Digit 2-5 have

Proximal Phalanx, Middle Phalanx, and Distal Phalanx.

Distal tibia and Fibula articulate with:

Talus

Navicular is anterior or posterior to talus?

Anterior

Cuboid is anterior or posterior to talus?

Anterior

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Coccyx

Femur

Fibula

Tibia

greater trochanter

head of femur

iliac crest

Iliac fossa

Ilium

Inferior pubis ramus

Ischial Ramus

Ischium

Lateral condyle of femur

Lesser Trochanter

Medial condyle of femur

obturator foramen

patella

pubis

superior pubic ramus

Tibial Tuberosity

gluteal tuberosity

greater sciatic notch

head of femur (posterior)

ischial spine

ischial tuberosity

linea aspera

neck of femur

posterior superior iliac spine

calcaneus

cuboid

distal phalanges of toes

head of fibula

intermediate cuneiform

lateral cuneiform

lateral malleolus

medial cuneiform

medial malleolus

metatarsal I

metatarsal V

metatarsals

middle phalanges of toes

navicular

proximal phalanges of toes

talus