Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic systems, focusing on structure, function, aging effects, and nursing care.

What are the main structures of the gastrointestinal tract?

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

What are the accessory glands associated with the gastrointestinal system?

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

What is one function of the liver?

Functions include carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, synthesis of plasma proteins, and detoxification.

What is the primary role of the gallbladder?

Stores bile.

What pancreatic enzyme converts starch to maltose?

Amylase.

What are the changes in gastrointestinal function associated with aging?

Increased risk of gallstones, decreased gastric motility, decreased absorption of nutrients, and weaker gag reflex.

What types of data should be collected when caring for a patient with a gastrointestinal disorder?

Health history, medications, travel history, nutritional assessment, and family history.

What physical assessment techniques are used for the abdomen?

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

What is one nursing action for patients with gastrointestinal intubation?

Check tube placement and maintain head of bed elevation of 30 to 45 degrees.

What diagnostic test involves using a fiberoptic scope?

Endoscopy, which includes procedures like esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy.