hhd unit 3 aos 2

allied health professionals

health professionals who arent doctors, nurses and dentists. includes physios, occupational therapists and psychologists

biomedical approach to health

a model of health focused on the biological and physical aspects of disease and illness, it is practiced by doctors + health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease and illness

bulk billing

when a health professional only charges the schedule fee and there are no out of pocket expenses for the patient

commercial factors

conditions, actions and policies of corporate organisations that impact h+w, either positively or negatively

co-payment

the amount paid by the patient for health services that is in addition to the amount paid by the government

energy dense foods

foods that have a high amount of energy per gram and whose high consumption is likely to lead to weight gain

environmental factors

the physical surroundings in which we work live and play

gap payment

the amount paid by the patient for health services that is in addition to the amount paid by their private health insurance

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

medicare

australias universal health insurance scheme, whereby the federal government pays for some or all of the costs of necessary healthcare

national disability insurance scheme (NDIS)

a scheme that provides funding to eligible people with a disability to gain more time with family and friends, greater independence, access to new skills, jobs or volunteering in their community and an improved quality of life

old public health

government actions that focused on altering the physical environment to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases, which included the provision of safe water and sanitation, improved housing and work conditions, sewage disposal and improved nutrition

ottawa charter for health promotion

a document developed by the who that outlines the conditions required to promote high levels of h+w, which reflects the social model of health and includes 5 priority action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes

pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS)

a federal government scheme where the cost of essential medicines are subsidised to make them more affordable for australians

personal factors

individual characteristics that are impacted by other factors, which vary from person to person, and influence food intake

population health

the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group

private health insurance

where members pay a premium/fee to recieve additional support to cover the cost of health services not covered by medicare

private health insurance premium

the amount paid for private health insurance, usually on an annual basis

public health

the actions carried out by the government to promote health outcomes in a population

sanitation

the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces

schedule fee

the amount the government deems should be paid to a health professional for carrying out a medical service or procedure

social justice

relates to fairness within a society. it is the fair and equitable distribution of resources, opportunities and privileges in society

social model of health

a model of health focused on preventing health conditions by directing efforts toward addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments

sociocultural factors

the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age

asthma

a condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs. these passages narrow when exposed to certain triggers, making breathing difficult

cancer (lung, colorectal, stomach, bowel and mouth)

a range of diseases in which cells divide abnormally without control and can invade nearby tissues and prevent their normal function. cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems

cardiovascular disease (incl heart attack and stroke)

includes all diseases of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular)

cholera

a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. commonly spread thru contaminated food/water

dementia

number of brain disorders (eg alzheimers or vascular dementia) that are characterised by worsening mental processes. symptoms incl impaired memory, understanding and reasoning which can reduce the ability to perform daily tasks

dental caries

a breakdown of the teeth aka tooth decay

diarrhoea

having loose watery stool during a bowel movement. can b caused by a number of infections, incl bacteria and viral, and can b spread in a number of ways (eg contaminated food/water)

high blood pressure (hypertension)

blood pumped thru arteries at a harder and faster rate than whats considered normal. lead to heart attacks, strokes and kidney disease

infectious diseases

diseases or illnesses cause by infectious agents or their toxic products, such as bacteria or viruses. can b spread thru water, air and food

injury

physiological damage to the living tissue of the body caused by an external factor

kidney disease

a loss of normal kidney function, such as its ability to filter the blood and remove waste products

liver disease

a number of conditions which impact on the normal functioning of the liver. incl liver cirrhosis, where healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

mental ill health (incl anxiety and depression)

disturbances of mood or thought, can make everyday functioning challenging

measles

highly contagious viral infection that causes a fever, runny nose + rash. spread by contact w infected nasal or throat secretions or breathing the air that was breathed by someone w measles

neural tube defects

damage to the brain and spine during prenatal development, includes spina bifida

osteoarthritis

number of degenerative joint diseases in which tissues in the joint break down over time

osteoporosis

refers to porous bones where the bone density thins and weakens, which can result in an increased risk of fractures/breaks

overweight and obesity

associated w abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health + is often classified as having a BMI of 25 or over

respiratory conditions

diseases of the lungs and airways, incl asthma, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

smallpox

viral infection that causes a severe rash and fever. spread thru coughing and sneezing. eradicated since 1977

tuberculosis

bacterial infection affecting the lungs, spreads thru air when infected person coughs, sneezes or talks

type 2 diabetes

condition resulting in high blood glucose levels caused by reduced levels of, or less effective, insulin.

typhoid

bacterial infection causing fever, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. spread thru contaminated food and water

whooping cough

aka pertussis, serious and highly contagious respiratory infection caused by bacteria. spreads thru air when infected person coughs, sneezes or talks

ottowa charter for health promotion

provides a framework for the application of the social model of health

ottowa charter action areas

build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, reorient health services

build healthy public policy

old public health initiatives

improved access to clean drinking water, improved sanitation and better sewage disposal, improved working conditions, improved food and nutrition, improved housing quality, quarantine laws, introduction of mass immunisation programs

improved access to clean drinking water

reduces spread + prevalence of infectious conditions, reduced infant + child mortality + improved life expectancy

improved food + nutrition

reduced transmission of bacteria and viruses w food = improved immunity and reductions in the prevalence and death from infectious and respiratory conditions

improved housing quality

laws + regulations contributed to improved ventilation and sewage, and reduced overcrowding. reduced prevalence + death from respiratory diseases like influenza

quarantine laws

reduced spread of infectious diseases from people arriving in australia