Module 10 - Education; Tools, Processes and Politics

Economic Modernization

How societies shift from traditional economies to industrial globally connected economies

Social Subordination

When a groups placed in a lower status/less-powerful position in society compared to another group

Malacrida's Sorting System

Sorts kids based on: Truancy Laws, tests and curriculums that standardize expectations of educational success, and health testing via medical and psychological examinations

Truancy Laws

Punishment for students not showing to class

Human Capital Thesis

Industrial societies invest in schools to enhance the knowledge and skills of their workers, mainly after WWII

Assimilation Model

Monocultural system emphasizing on assimilating into the dominant culture

Multicultural Education

Emphasis on preserving and promoting cultural diversity, while removing barriers that denied certain groups participation in Canadian society

Hidden Curriculum

Lessons about expectations of behaviour that tend to be more informal or unwritten (Unofficial/Unstated goals of the education system, i.e. Hierarchy through the authority of teachers and students)

Correspondence Principle

Argument that the norms and values instilled in school correspond to the norms and values expected of individuals in a capitalist society

Docile Body

Disciplinary control over individuals the way administrators want through hierarchical observation, normalizing judgement, and examination

Hierarchical Observation

People controlled through observation/surveillance

Normalizing Judgement

Judged on how their actions rank when compared to performance of others

Examination

Normalizing gaze establishes over individuals a visibility through which one differentiates them and judges them

Stereotype Threat

Idea that negative stereotypes about a group an individual belongs to will have negative impacts on their academic performance

Cultural Reproduction Theory

How schools pass and reproduce social inequality from one generation to another by legitimizing existing inequality, tracking groups students, and school outcomes

Hidden Curriculum of Tracking

Oakes defined the process where students are divided into categories based on aptitude and projected outcomes so that they can be assigned into groups to various kinds of classes

Anyon's Five Schools

Jean Anyon's classification of schools; Working-class schools, semi-skilled or unskilled jobs, middle-class schools, affluent professional schools, executive elite schools

Working-Class Schools

Fathers held semi-skilled/unskilled jobs; school work entailed procedural mechanical work, with adherence to rules without choice in the matter

Middle-Class Schools

Parents worked professional jobs, sometimes owned businesses. Students studied to get the right answer, through following directions or asking the teacher.

Affluent Professional Schools

Parents were lawyers, engineers, or executives. Schoolwork entailed individual creative representation, as well as expression of thoughts and ideas

Executive Elite Schools

Parents work as vice-presidencies or presidencies. School entails developing and reasoning with an analytical intellectual powers, conceptualizing and applying rules to solve problems

Disqualified Knowledges

Knowledges that's been disqualified as inadequate to their tasks

Credentialism

Practice of valuing credentials (degrees diplomas) over knowledge and ability in hiring/promoting of staff

Alienation

Separation between people and the work they're paid to do because of administrative monitoring and control

Adjunct Professors

Seasonal/contract/part-time teachers who are low-paid (Due to ↑Students in post-secondary, ↓government investment in post-secondary institutions)

Major Challenges for Adjunct Professors

↑Job competition, ↓pay, strained relationships with full-time facilities, dependence on positive student evaluations

Online Teaching Driven By…

Tech improvements, ↑accessible education, cut to funding

Online Teaching Challenges

Access without mobility, alienation, drop-out rates, undermining of critical education through one-directional information flow, class reproduction through two-tier system

Underemployment

Forced part-time work for people seeking and can't find full-time employment; low-wage, low-skill, and experience

Causes for underemployment

Causes for Underemployment

↑unemployment, regional disparities, discrimination

Plagiarism

Copying another's work/mixture of work from many sources; Passing off someone else's ideas or work as your own