Urinary System Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the urinary system from lecture notes.

Af-

Prefix meaning "toward" or "to".

Glom-

Root word referring to a cluster or ball, particularly in relation to the glomerulus.

Calyc-

Root word referring to a cup or a calyx.

Cort-

Root word relating to the cortex, often used in context of the kidney.

Cyst-

Root word meaning "bladder" or "sac".

Detrus-

Root word meaning "to push down or away."

Prox-

Prefix meaning "near" or "next to".

Juxta-

Prefix meaning "next to" or "adjacent to".

Ren-

Root word meaning "kidney."

Mict-

Root word meaning "to urinate."

Trigon-

Root word referring to the triangular region of the bladder.

Nephr-

Root word meaning "kidney."

Papill-

Root word meaning "nipple" or a small structure.

Urinary system

System that rids the body of waste products and plays roles in blood volume, pressure, and composition.

Urogenital system

Collective term for the urinary and reproductive systems, due to shared embryonic development.

Erythropoietin

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

Nitrogenous waste

Waste products from protein metabolism, like urea and creatinine.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Indicator of nitrogenous waste levels in the bloodstream, normal concentration is 10 to 20 mg/dL.

Azotemia

Condition of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indicating potential renal insufficiency.

Uremia

Syndrome caused by the toxicity of nitrogenous waste characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia.

Renal autoregulation

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a stable GFR (glomerular filtration rate) despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure.

GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute; normal values are approximately 125 mL/min.

Transport maximum

The maximum amount of solute that can be reabsorbed by renal tubules, limited by the number of transport proteins available.

Micturition

The act of urination.

Hemodialysis

A medical procedure to artificially clear wastes from the blood when kidneys are insufficient.