VUJC A+P Exam 2 Chapter 19 Respiratory System

What is respiration

Breathing

Why do we breathe?

To get oxygen and eliminate CO2

What are the functions of the respiratory system

Gas exchange (O2 in CO2 out), Voice, and regulates blood pH

What is ventilation

air moving in and out

What is external respiration

gas exchange between blood and lungs

What is internal respiration

gas exchange between blood and tissues

What is located in the upper respiratory system

1. nose

2. nasal cavity

3. sinuses

4. pharynx

   1. larynx

What are nostrils

openings for air

What is the structure of the nose

bone, cartilage, and muscle

What are nose hairs for

catch large particles in the air

What is the nasal septum

wall of cartilage and bone that splits in half

What is the nasal conchae

set of three ridges on each lateral wall that increase surface area

what is the mucous membrane

lining

What are the main functions of the airway

1. warm air to body temp

2. moisten air

   1. trap small particles

what are the chambers of the sinuses

Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid

What is the function of the sinuses

reduce weight of skull by emptying chambers

Where is the pharynx located

Back of the throat

What is the larynx

The voicebox

What is the epiglottis

blocks things (larynx) from going into trachea when swallowing ​

What is the hyoid bone

Insertion for muscles

What is in the lower respiratory

1. trachea

2. bronchial trees

   1. lungs

What is the wind pipe responsible for

Movement of air

What is the alveoli

where gas exchange occurs

Where are the lungs housed

In the pleural cavity

What is the visceral layer

covering of the lungs

How many lobes does the right have

3

How many lobes does the left have

2

Why is the left lung smaller

Provide space for the heart

What is cilia paralyzed

mucous is trapped and must cough to remove it

What is chronic bronchitis

long term inflammation of the airways (COPD)

What is emphysema

Loss of alveolar surface area (COPD)

What is ventilation

changes in pressure

What are inspiratory muscles

they contract to enlarge the thoracic cavity

causes diaphragm to move down

What is inspiration

Air moving in

How to prevent surface tension in the lungs

Surfactant

What is expiration

breathing out

What is a spirometry

To measure lung volume

What is asthma

Inflammation and bronchoconstriction due to irritation  poor air flow

What is the main receptor

chemoreceptors

What controls breathing

Medulla oblongata

What is the normal pH

7.35-7.45

What is considered Acidosis

Less than 7.35 -7.45

What is considered Alkalosis

Greater than 7.35- 7.45

What happens when you are more acidic

More lethargy

What happens when you are basic

More jittery