States of matter, particles and solubility

Section 1 from the Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Specification - principles of chemistry

How are the particles in a solid arranged?

The particles are tightly packed together in a regular arrangement

Can the particles in a liquid move?

The particles can move (not as much as gases) around their fixed positions

Which state of matter does not have a definite shape or volume?

Gas

What keeps particles in a solid fixed in their positions?

Particles are held in fixed positions because of the strong forces of attraction between particles in solids

Can gases be compressed?

Yes

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid.

Particles are constantly moving: the more the liquid is heated, the faster the particles will move

What is the process where a solid changes into a gas?

Sublimation

What is the process where a gas changes into a liquid?

Condensation

What is the process by which the gas changes into a solid?

Deposition

Does the mass of the substance change during the changes of state?

No. The law of the conservation of energy is that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system.

Which can occur at any temperature? Boiling or evaporation?

Evaporation. Boiling occurs at a specific temperature (called the boiling point)

Which is a faster process? Evaporation or boiling?

Boiling

Does boiling or evaporation use more energy?

Boiling

What does boiling rely on?

Pressure

What 4 things impact evaporation rate?

Wind or airflow, humidity, surface area and temperature.

What is the term given to a solid that dissolves?

Solute

What is the name for a liquid which causes something to dissolve?

Solvent

solvent + solute = ?

Solution

What is diffusion?

When something travels from an area of a high concentration to an area of a lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached. It is a passive process.

What is distillation?

A method used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

What is the term given to a process which doesn’t require energy?

Passive process

What is saturated? What is a saturated solution?

Saturated means completely or full. A saturated solution is a mixture that cannot take any more solute.

______ means how much can be dissolved and is measured in grams per 100g of solvent (or can be dissolved in 100g of solvent). This is the mass of the solute.

Solubility means how much can be dissolved and is measured in grams per 100g of solvent (or can be dissolved in 100g of solvent). This is the mass of the solute.