Medical Emergency Response Preparation Flashcards

The first rule of safe lifting is to:

Lift with your legs, keep you back straight

Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct?

Cannot have spine injury/ scene unsafe

You are dispatched to an office building for a 49 year old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and fully alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 911 a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:

ENSURE HE IS AWARE OF THE RISKS OF REFUSING MEDICAL CARE

Try and get someone that he respects to convince him to go.

When called to the scene of a toxic spill like chlorine, park you ambulance:

Uphill & Upwind 300ft.

Which of the following does NOT justify Code 3 driving?

Patient does not have life-threatening injury

EMS personnel are mandated reporters in which cases

Abuse & Sexual assault

Which of the following patients legally may refuse care

A&O 4 and informed of consequences/ no deficiencies

You arrive at a multiple casualty accident and begin working on the patients. A paramedic arrives with an ambulance from another company. No police, fire, or rescue personnel are on the scene. What general rule should apply?

Most qualified senior person is the incident commander

The function of the coronary arteries is to carry blood

Supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients

Universal Precautions

BSI/PENMAN/PPE

Which of the following is NOT part of an Initial Assessment

Secondary assessment

The movement of the neck when the head looks downward is called

Flexion

When explaining the need for a procedure to an elderly patient you should

Speak clearly and slowly, allow ample time for response.

Skeletal muscles (like the biceps) are which type of muscle

Voluntary muscle

Hepatitis A is most commonly transmitted to people

Food and water

The most common cause of death in children outside the newborn period is

Respiratory distress

You are called to the home of an 8 year old girl who you find to be unresponsive to any stimuli except pain. Her vitals are BP 100/68, R 24, shallow, regular, P110 regular and hard to find at the wrist. Her skin is very warm to the touch, dry and pale, except for the red spotted rash on her chest and some on her face. Her mother says she has been sick for a couple of days, has wanted to stay in her room with the lights off, under the covers, and not wanted to watch TV or eat as she complained of severe headache with nausea and no appetite; From this information you:

Feel that there is a high probability of Meningitis

You respond to a call of "an accidental poisoning child"{ when you arrive, you are met by the mother who states that her 9 year old daughter has Eaten? the 12 Tylenol that are in one of those little travel bottles. The daughter is alert and oriented and in no apparent distress but admits eating a few. Realize:

Call poison control and transport

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

The red blood cells are less able to carry oxygen.

More prone to clot

You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88 year old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours, a valid do not resuscitate order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should:

Provide O2 and other supportive care

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

Altered pt with blood glucose lower than 60 mg/ dL

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

Blood pressure regulation is associated with the kidney's ability to remove sodium chloride from the body.

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with disease such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ____________ fracture

Pathologic

A 67 year old with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless an apneic during transport. You should?

Request unit to pullover, start compressions, call ALS

The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

Appearance, Work of Breathing, Circulation to Skin

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Solid organs : Liver, Spleen, kidneys, pancreas

You respond to an office where you find a 25 year old male lying on the ground. He is unresponsive to verbal and physical stimuli and only marginally reactive to painful stimuli. His vitals are BP 138/88, R 24, deep and regular, with an occasional large sigh, Pulse is 92, and regular at the wrist. His skin color seems normal (slightly reddish, warm and sweaty. The other office workers state that he just made a noise, fell out of his chair and was shaking on the ground for about 3 minutes. The apparent seizure stopped about 5 minutes ago. You find a Medic Alert bracelet that states that he is an epileptic. Which of the following signs/symptoms would you also expect to find in this circumstance?

Incontinence

A 37 year old construction worker working in a hot environment complains of weakness, dizziness, heachache, nausea and faintness. Skin is pale, and very moist. You find his vital signs are P 116, R 28 and shallow, BP 120/60. This patient is most likely suffering from:

Heat exhaustion

You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival, you see people frantically fleeing the building screaming. "Everyone is passing out!" you should: carefully assess the situation and...

Stage up wind and call HazMat

A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color ____ by the Department of Homeland Security Advisory System.

Red

The decision concerning how medical care is provided and how a person injured at the scene of an automobile accident is moved is primarily the responsibility of the:

Could it also be most senior person on scene/Base hospital/ Incident commander

If a 2 year old has a high fever, what is the correct treatment?

Cold environment/ expose, O2, transport

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

Given the option of being treated by a female

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You Should:

Wash from medial to lateral and Cover both eyes: the unaffected with moist sterile gauze and the other with a moist sterile dressing and a cup

he most important sign ( and earliest change) to observe for in an adult patient suspected of having sustained a closed head injury is:

Blown pupils/ ALOC/ CSF online says is most important

Proper care for blood draining from inside the ear canal after a fall would be:

halo test and 4x4 on outer portion of ear

A nine year old boy has deformity and edema in the area between his shoulder and elbow. The area is very painful to the touch and there is slight discoloration. The best splint to use for this fracture (of the listed) would be a(n):

Sling and swathe

In a sprain, the injured body part is a

Ligaments

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

Reposition it/ drop in an airway adjunct/ PLACE A WEDGE OF PADDING UNDER THE CHILD'S UPPER BACK AND SHOULDERS

Determining the Nature of the illness or injury helps you

Focus on pt assessment

The general impression of a patient is formed:

At first sight/ as you approach the patient

Which of the following are signs of dehydration?

Dizziness, lethargic, dry mouth/lips/eyes, decreased urine output, sunken fontanelles in babies

You are called to the home of a 12 year old female with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. You find no evidence of ..... She complains of numbness and tingling of the lips and dizziness. Vitals are BP 116/80, p120 and strong. R 32 and regular. SpO2 of 99%. Skin signs are warm, .... And dry. For this patient, you would:

BVM, <8 or > 28 ventilate

An alert patient presents with a breath rate of 18, regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation, and clear and equal breath sounds. These findings are consistent with:

Proper Ventilation?

You have a patient with severe, audible wheezes. What medication can you assist this patient with?

Albuterol

While at lunch on your shift, you see a 45 year old male at his table with severe difficulty breathing of unknown cause. He is unable to speak and you cannot see his chest rise or fall. You should:

Check airway and abdominal thrusts and call dispatch that you have responded to a possible emergency

You arrive at the home of a 75 year old male that you find in a chair in his living room. He is having obvious difficulty breathing. He can only speak 2-3 words between breaths. His vitals are BP 150/100, P 110 strong and regular, R 26 deep and regular, SpO2 87, skins are pale, cool and wet. Peripheral cyanosis is present in the nail beds and he is barrel chested. Your initial intervention would be to:

Apply non rebreather at 10-15 Liters/ min and transport

Correct ventilation rate with an advanced airway?

6 seconds for adult

3-5 seconds pediatrics

1-2 seconds for neonates

What beneficial effect does epinephrine have on a patient in anaphylaxis?

Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

CVA most commonly causes which of the following?

Altered mental status, arm drift, slurred speech, blown pupil(s), intracranial pressure

Left can speak but inappropriate

Right is slurred speech

A patient with hypoglycemia usually has:

Low blood sugar/ altered LC/ possible diabetes

If the head is delivered face down, this is generally a sign of :

cephalic presentation

When assessing a patient who is displaying bizarre behavior the EMT should:

Consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient's behavior

During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard SAMPLE questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following?

Ask about the last menstrual cycle, birth control, how many sanitary pads/ tampons per hour. Find out how much blood lost, keep pregnancy in mind

n addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

Pulse/ Obvious bleeding/ Cap refill/ Skin signs

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

are spitting up brown sputum

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

Kidney failure is caused by hypertension and diabetes

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to:

contact base hospital and take pt to most appropriate resource

Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving multiple patient, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival, ensure scene safety, and then:

Call for additional resources/ambulances?

Which of the following signs most clearly indicates possible life-threatening respiratory distress?

Decreased level Of consciousness

You are on scene with paramedics managing a cardiac arrest patient. The ratio compressions to ventilation

1 breath every 6 seconds

An infant is considered to be in respiratory failure when he has: a respiratory rate of 46 with significant abdominal movement. stridor with

cyanosis and a respiratory rate of 70.

What is the rate for Rescue Breathing for a 2-year old?

Every 2-3 seconds

Called to the school of a 10-year-old who has had an asthma attack. The teacher tells you that he has taken his inhaler.

He states that when he had his last attack they put a tube down his throat.

18-year-old female, which of the following sets of vital signs most likely indicates shock & would cause most concern

RR: 30, PR: 98, BP: 86/64

accumulation of foreign objects in mouth , throat, or trachea is the obvious cause of airway obstruction. What is common cause

Tongue has fallen backwards.

A complication of forceful bag-mask ventilation is:

It increases the likelihood of vomiting and aspiration.

performing artificial ventilation on patient who has their larynx removed surgically and has stoma must understood that:

There is no longer any connection between the patient's pharynx and trachea.

When performing bag-valve to endotracheal tube ventilations, see only the right side of the chest rising. You should:

immediately the paramedic who inserted the tube confirmed breath sounds bilaterally.

you see a 45-year-old male at table with severe difficulty breathing of unknown cause unable to see chest rise & fall

immediately administer abdominal or chest thrusts while still in the chair.

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because:

They have a proportionately larger tongue.

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

alveoli

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates people to breathe based on low oxygen levels.

Normal respiratory rate for a 23-year- old is:

12-20BPM

When examining young children, it is a good idea to:

ask parents to sit down and hold them on their lap while you do the survey.

Wheezing on expiration (sometimes almost a whistling sound) is a positive indication of.

Asthma

Crackles upon auscultation indicate that:

Liquid has accumulated in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

Which of the following sounds indicates laryngospasm or upper airway blockage?

Stridor

Oxygen composes what percentage of atmospheric air?

21%

What is the maximum amount of time you can suction an adult patient?

15 seconds

You have a patient with severe, audible wheezes. What medication can you assist this

patient with?

Metered Dose Inhaler

A patient with an oropharyngeal airway in place begins to regain consciousness. You

should:

Immediately remove the airway, having suction ready as needed.

When ventilating with a bag-valve mask device, best results occur if:

Opa inserted/ Supplemental O2 with reservoir/

Adequate seal around pt's mouth and nose

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when :

the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

A sign that you are NOT adequately ventilating or compressing the chest of a victim of

cardiac arrest would be:

Persistent Cyanosis

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

there not enough time between contractions for heart to refill completely

Which layer of the heart is damaged by ischemia during an acute MI?

Myocardium

In MOST cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

Respiratory Arrest

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per

minute to a 4-month-old infant?

100

During your treatment for a patient with a history of angina pectoris, you would:

Expect the patient to complain of a severe headache after medicating.

All the following are expected signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction EXCEPT:

Chest pain that increases on deep inhalations

Cardiogenic shock may result from

Heart Attack

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

one third the diameter of the chest or about 11⁄2"

A blood pressure taken with a cuff that is too large for the patient's arm will read:

Artificially low.

A rapidly falling blood pressure most commonly indicates:

Cardiovascular collapse.

A cherry red color (usually only seen at the lips) is often a reliable and unmistakable

sign of:

Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation (or "clumping") of platelets.

The General Impression of a patient is formed:

approach the patient, surveying the environment and the patient's chief complaint.

Determining the Nature of the Illness or Injury helps you:

focus on your patient assessment.