apmacro

What is the definition of slavery according to E.N. Elliot?

Slavery is the duty and obligation of the slave to labor for the mutual benefit of both master and slave, under a warrant to the slave of protection, and a comfortable subsistence, under all circumstances.

What idea did Elliot's statement suggest he strongly agreed with?

The idea of slavery as a positive good.

What economic condition influenced the rhetoric surrounding slavery?

The increasing dependence of the Southern economy on a single cash crop.

What was Douglass's point regarding religious Northerners and African-Americans?

While the Second Great Awakening may have brought reforms to the North, it did not change their perspective about the superiority of the white race.

Which president's declaration of war on Mexico was challenged by Lincoln's excerpt?

James K. Polk.

What was the purpose of Lincoln's resolution regarding the war on Mexico?

To challenge whether the soldiers killed were in disputed territory or American territory.

What influence is shown in John L. O'Sullivan's passage?

Concepts of republican democracy found in the Declaration of Independence.

What political controversy did the process described by O'Sullivan lead to?

Expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories.

What does 'popular sovereignty' refer to in the context of slavery in territories?

The question of slavery in the territories would be determined by the people in the territory.

What was determined about slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories in the Compromise of 1850?

It was to be decided by popular sovereignty.

What aspect of the Fugitive Slave Law upset Northerners the most?

Denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves.

What did Stephen Douglas's plan for the Kansas-Nebraska Act require?

Repeal of the Missouri Compromise.

According to Hinton Helper, who suffered most from slave labor?

Non-slaveholding southern whites.

What contributed most directly to Frederick Douglass's concerns?

The Dred Scott Decision.

What was John Brown's intention during his raid on Harpers Ferry?

To lead a slave rebellion.

What event prompted Confederate batteries to fire on Fort Sumter?

Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.

What caused hunger among Confederate soldiers compared to Northern soldiers?

Inferior transportation systems.

Why did Jefferson Davis not exercise arbitrary power like Abraham Lincoln?

Due to the South's emphasis on states' rights.

What was the North's greatest strength in the Civil War?

Its economy.

True or False: All slaveholding states seceded from the Union during the Civil War.

False.

What would the image referenced in question 20 be useful for historians to understand?

The relative resources of the Union and the Confederacy.

According to the Emancipation Proclamation, where were slaves freed?

In the rebel states.

What area did the Freedmen's Bureau achieve its greatest success in?

Education.

What did the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.

What position did the Republican Party of the 1850s take on slavery?

The Republican Party believed that residents of territories could decide on the basis of popular sovereignty whether to have slavery.

What was a significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848?

A significant result was that the United States experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery.

What does the Columbian Exchange refer to?

The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following the discovery of the Americas in 1492.

How did Native American societies react to European changes?

Native American societies most commonly reacted by integrating European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy.

What was a major cause of the decline of native populations in the Americas after 1492?

A major cause was the epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans.

Who would most agree with Bartolomé de Las Casas's sympathetic depiction of natives?

Roger Williams and the Quakers would most agree with the sympathetic depiction of the natives.

What was a significant long-term result of the situation in Jamestown?

The most significant long-term result was the rise of a plantation system with a reliance on African slaves.

How did early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland differ from New England?

Early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance.

What development in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is represented by Anne Hutchinson's excerpts?

Anne Hutchinson's excerpts represent growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities.

Which movement echoed Hutchinson's emphasis on personal salvation?

The First Great Awakening most strongly echoed Hutchinson's emphasis on personal salvation.

What was the most significant factor in the development of complex Native American societies before European contact?

The cultivation of maize was the most significant factor in the development of complex Native American societies.

What British law most directly affected trade in the colonies?

The Navigation Acts most directly affected trade in the colonies.

How did English colonization patterns differ from Spanish colonization?

English colonization patterns differed in that the English more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans.

How did the French differ from the Spanish in relations with American Indians?

The French developed stronger alliances with American Indians compared to the Spanish.

What was a long-term effect of the jury's decision in the 1735 Zenger trial?

The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British as a long-term effect of the jury's decision.

What saved the early British colonies in Virginia from economic ruin?

The introduction of tobacco cultivation.

What characterized the relationship between church and state for the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay?

Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

What was a result of Bacon's Rebellion?

Tensions between backcountry farmers and the Virginian aristocracy were exposed.

What did mercantilism mean for Britain's North American colonies?

The British government regulated colonial shipping and production.

Who founded Jamestown?

A joint-stock company seeking profit.

What was the purpose of the encomienda system?

To reward Spanish settlers with Native American labor.

What was the intention behind the political cartoon 'JOIN or DIE' from 1754?

To encourage colonial unity against British rule in North America.

Who would eventually use the message of the 'JOIN or DIE' cartoon?

Colonists when they declared independence against Great Britain.

What did Abigail Adams advocate for in her letter to John Adams in 1776?

The ideal that women would teach republican values.

What was a result of the sentiments expressed by Abigail Adams?

Women's formal transition from British subjects to active American citizens.

What did Hamilton's views in the Constitutional Convention support?

The process for electing members of the House of Representatives.

Which Founding Father would likely oppose Hamilton's views?

Thomas Jefferson.

What divisions emerged after the ratification of the Constitution?

Divisions between the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republicans over the relationship between national and state governments.

What opinion was expressed in the excerpt from the Gazette of the State of Georgia in 1787?

An Anti-Federalist perspective advocating for the protection of liberties.

What did the views expressed in the Gazette of the State of Georgia contribute to?

The addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted.

What represented a counter-reaction to John Adams's Alien and Sedition Acts?

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

What event is the altercation over the Alien and Sedition Acts most similar to?

Congressional debate regarding the War of 1812.

What did Thomas Paine argue about government officials in 'Common Sense'?

All government officials should derive their authority from popular consent.

What did Paine's 'Common Sense' ultimately convince many Americans to fight for?

An independent and republican America, separate from Britain.

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament?

To raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense.

What was the response to the Stamp Act?

The response took forms such as the creation of the Stamp Act Congress, nonimportation agreements, and homespun garments to replace British goods.

What was significant about the Battle of Saratoga?

It was the first major Continental Army victory and resulted in the French entering the war as American allies.

What was the government under the Articles of Confederation successful in?

It was successful in providing for statehood for western territories.

What did the Great Compromise of 1787 result in?

It resulted in a system of political representation for the states in the federal government.

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

To prohibit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

What contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance.

What issue provides context for Jefferson's First Inaugural Address?

Disagreements over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted.

What was Jefferson concerned with in his First Inaugural Address?

The creation of political parties.

What did Jefferson refer to regarding the tolerance of error of opinion?

He was referring most directly to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were designed to suppress criticism of the government.

What made the ideas of the American System possible?

Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts.

Who would likely oppose Henry Clay's ideas?

Members of the Democratic Party.

What did the ideas of the American System contribute to?

More Americans producing goods for national markets.

What cultural shift resulted from the market revolution?

A decline in subsistence production and the growth of paid employment.

What was the impact of the War of 1812 on American politics?

It led to a decline in Federalist sentiment, particularly after the Hartford Convention.

What contributed most directly to the market revolution?

The emergence of new forms of transportation.

What political practice expanded due to Jacksonian democracy?

The expansion of suffrage to all white men, regardless of property ownership.

What statement would the creator of the image likely agree with?

Jackson's leadership made him ideal.

What is the concept of judicial review?

The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional.

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the recharter of the Bank of the United States?

He believed that the bank concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people.

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

To warn European nations against further colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

What effect did the Embargo Act of 1807 have on the United States?

It severely damaged American manufacturing and disrupted American shipping.