Chem 30S theory FInal

Solution

A homogenous mixture of two or more compounds that will not separate if left to stand

Solute

The dissolved particle

Solvent

The dissolving medium

5 Characteristics of liquid solutions

1. Homogenous Mixture

2. Stable

3. Clear + Transparent

4. Pass through Filter Unaffected

5. Single phase, even if solute was a different phase

Describe solvation process, and explain which steps are exothermic and endothermic

1. Bonds between solute particles are broken, and bonds between solvent molecules are broken - endothermic

2. Solute + Solvent particles mix, solvent particles surround solute particles

3. New bonds are formed between solute + solvent molecules - exothermic

Gas in Gas

Air

Gas in Liquid

Carbonation

Gas in Solid

Toxic gas in Coal

Liquid in Gas

Water Vapor on Air

Liquid in Liquid

Water + Vineager Mixture

Liquid in Solid

Mercury in tooth fillings

Solid in Gas

Microplastics in Air

Solid in Liquid

Salt Water

Solid in Solid

Alloys eg. Brass (Zinc in Copper)

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute at a given temperature

Saturated Solution

A solution that can not still dissolve more solute at a given temperature

Supersaturated solution

A solution that holds more solute (dissolved) than it should be able to at a given temp

How to form Supersaturated Solution

Formed by cooling a solution past the temperature that could normally dissolve the amount of solute present in the solution

Adding solute to Unsaturated Solution

Solute dissolves

Adding solute to Saturated Solution

Solute does not dissolve

Adding solute to Supersaturated Solution

Solute does not dissolve, and more solute than what was added crystallizes and/or comes out of solution