Court cases

NJ vs TLO (1985)

Issue: teacher searched a student’s purse without a warrant after she was caught smoking in the bathroom

Amendment: 4th- unreasonable search and seizure/ EXCLUSIONARY RULE

Ruling: 6-3

Precedent: public schools only need “reasonable suspicion” to search/ a warrant is not required if they have probable cause

Mapp vs Ohio (1961)

Issue: Police enter Dolly Mapp’s house after she refused to give them permission, forced their way in with no reasonable cause

Amendment: 4th- unreasonable search and seizure/ EXCLUSIONARY RULE

Ruling: 6-3

Precedent: evidence obtained illegally- exclusionary rule extends to state courts

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Issue: asked for a lawyer after a B&E but was denied one because Florida did not appoint lawyers unless its a civil case

Amendment: 6th amendment- lawyers shall be appointed to those who cannot afford one

Ruling: 9-0

Precedent: states are required to provide lawyers to defendants in felony cases

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Issue: confessed to raping ad murdering this woman because he was not told his rights/ confessed without needing to

Amendment: 5th amendment- self incrimination

Ruling: 5-4

Precedent: Miranda Rights

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Issue: armbands protesting the Vietnam War are ruled as disruptions with the kids getting suspended for breaking school rules

Amendment: 1st- free speech

Ruling: 7-2

Precedent: symbolic speech is protected

Bethel v. Fraser (1986)

Issue: kid makes a speech with lewd language and encourages everyone to vote for his friend

Amendment: 1st- free speech is violated

Ruling: 7-2

Precedent: schools can limit speech if it’s lewd or disruptive

Morse v. Frederick (2007)

Issue: kid holds up a sign that says “Bong Hitz 4 Jesus” at a school rally- teacher takes it and he gets suspended- went against school policy

Amendment: 1st- free speech

Ruling: 5-4

Precedent: schools can restrict messages promoting illegal drug use

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Issue: a school newspaper article was removed by the principal

Amendment: 1st- free speech

Ruling: 5-3

Precedent: schools can censor school-sponsored publications

4th amendment cases

• Mapp- illegal search, evidence thrown out

• TLO- schools can search with reasonable cause

5th amendment case

Miranda- right to remain silent

6th amendment case

Gideon- right to a lawyer

1st amendment- free spech

• Tinker- symbolic speech is protected

• Bethel- lewd speech not protected

• Hazelwood- school newspapers can be censored

• Morse- schools can restrict drug messages