Hitler in Power

How and why did Goering cause consolidation of power

He wanted to prove himself, and win in Hitler’s social Darwinism

Spelculation that the Reichstag fire was started by him

when was the Reichstag fire

27 Feb 1933

How did the Reichstag fire help Hitler

• they blamed the communists and a Dutch communist arrested for the fire

• so many feared communist and looked to Hitler to protect against KPD

• convince Hindeburg to give execptional power

How did Nazi respond to Fire

• SA arrested and target oppostion, especially thoes on the left

• SA now has police power

• 1 night alone 4000 people arrested for conspiracy

When was the Reichstag Fire Ordinace

28 Feb

What was the Reichstag Fire Ordinance ?

• it was a presidential order issued by Hindenburg

• banned freedom of press

• freedom of movement

• fee speech

• freedom of assembly

• ended privacy of personal main and phone calls

• lots of political opponents arrested without charge

• The Reichstag Fire Decree (Feb 28, 1933) was an emergency law passed by President Hindenburg under Hitler's influence, suspending civil liberties like free speech and assembly, allowing mass arrests of political opponents (especially communists) without trial, and enabling the Nazi rise to dictatorship after the parliament building fire, effectively dismantling democracy by giving the government sweeping powers to suppress opposition and control the state. 

When was the Enabling Act

24 March 1933

What was the Enabling Act

allowed Hitler to act without parliamentary approval

How did the Nazis get to pass the Enabling act?

The SS and SA block KPD members from entering the building to vote and intimidated other

Hitler promised it would only last for 4 yrs and was used for national crisis caused as the fire and economic situation and communist threat

When did Dachau open?

22 march 1933

200 ppl went in

What was protective custody

people can be arrested to protect the sate without charge and held indefinatly

Joseph Hartinge

add later

Causes of the Night of Long Knife

• concern about homosexuality in the SA leadership

• had to choose between SA and army, being pressured by elites

• Fear Rohm will convince army to join him

• and the SA had 2 mil men on exercise so it looked like revoution

• Hitler was not boss, still have Hindeunburg, so SA want Mussolini style revolt

What did Papen do to attack Hitler

Speech writer Edward Fung to attack Hitler.

“great men are not created by propaganda” he said

What happened on June 1934

Hindenburg pressure Hitler to supress SA

What happen on the 28 of June 1935

• Heinrich Himmler (head of the SS) and Reinhard Heydrich (head of the SD) compiled a dossier alleging that Röhm and the SA were planning a coup.

What happen on 30 June

• Hitler go to arrest Rohm

• around 10Am Hummingbird said and arrest are coordinated

• Jung is killed

What happen on 1st July

• Rohm refused to suicide and the guard shot him in prison

Keyword for nature of the Nazi state

• Arendt ‘origin of totalitarianism’ say Nazi reduce people with name, identity and legal right to body which is superfluous

• Atomise society

• use terror e.g fear of informer

Evidence to show that Hitler was lazy and not in control of Ger

• He only worked from 1-5

• He often go to his Berghof retreat

• Dislike paper work

• indecisive, and influenced by advisor

How is Ger actually run?

• Different Nazi leader and Groups competing and ‘working to the Fuhrer’

• Local Nazi leader to enforce policy, but do things differently

• Nazi Organisation such as Hitler Youth, and German Labour Front

• Joseph Gobbles, Propaganda

Key word for Nazi control of idea

• shut down Market place of ideas

• no alternative idea

• illusion of omniscient and omnipotent of Nazi state

• no pluarility of idea

what SAdo to jew

add later

How does SA work

• Heydrich for the SD

• Eccon dept, 150 firms by 45, all using slave labour

• Gestapo

• Concentration Camp

• Police now under SS in 36

• each town has informer, tell things like not fyling Nazi flag or anti hitler joke

Key thing about how Nazi gov worked

• Working toward the Fuhrer, Kershaw

• Polycratic

• Competition between underling

Hitler leadership

• He is the leader taking Ger to utopia

• Kempler: ‘No one wants to be rid of him’

• Kempler : ‘accept Hitler is the lesser evil’

• charismatic

Most important things to Germans

1. Not living under socialism

2. Ecconamy Picking Up

3. Overturn Versailles (all are afraid for their lifelyhood

SS Member in 1939

15,000

SS member in 45

32,000 (at their peak)

Propaganda Quote from Gobbles

‘We want to work on people until they have capitulated to us’

the criteria can also be ‘national community’

Aims Nazi propaganda

• Uniformity of opinion

• ‘community before individual

Why ppl liked Hitler

• Jobs

• Versailles

• Stability

• compare him to the time before

Why terror

to fill in the Gap when Hitler myth failed

Problems with gestapo

• Not enough man power

• Agents were not hardcore Nazi, some transferred from police

• the denunciations were not always cause of Nazi e.g selfish reason like get back on someone

How did Gestapo terror work

• warrant on pink paper to make it look for official

• fear of denunciation breaks social bond