Hitler in Power

How and why did Goering cause consolidation of power

He wanted to prove himself, and win in Hitler’s social Darwinism

Spelculation that the Reichstag fire was started by him

when was the Reichstag fire

27 Feb 1933

How did the Reichstag fire help Hitler

• they blamed the communists and a Dutch communist arrested for the fire

• so many feared communist and looked to Hitler to protect against KPD

• convince Hindeburg to give execptional power

How did Nazi respond to Fire

• what did the SA now have

• SA arrested and target oppostion, especially thoes on the left

• SA now has police power

• 1 night alone 4000 people arrested for conspiracy

When was the Reichstag Fire Ordinace

28 Feb

What was the Reichstag Fire Ordinance ?

and what did it do

• it was a presidential order issued by Hindenburg

• gave exceptional power

• one day after the fire

• banned freedom of press

• freedom of movement

• fee speech

• freedom of assembly

• ended privacy of personal main and phone calls

• lots of political opponents arrested without charge

• The Reichstag Fire Decree (Feb 28, 1933) was an emergency law passed by President Hindenburg under Hitler's influence, suspending civil liberties like free speech and assembly, allowing mass arrests of political opponents (especially communists) without trial, and enabling the Nazi rise to dictatorship after the parliament building fire, effectively dismantling democracy by giving the government sweeping powers to suppress opposition and control the state. 

When was the Enabling Act

24 March 1933

What was the Enabling Act

allowed Hitler to act without parliamentary approval

How did the Nazis get to pass the Enabling act?

The SS and SA block KPD members from entering the building to vote and intimidated other

Hitler promised it would only last for 4 yrs and was used for national crisis caused as the fire and economic situation and communist threat

When did Dachau open?

How many ppl went in

22 march 1933

200 ppl went in

What was protective custody

people can be arrested to protect the sate without charge and held indefinatly

Joseph Hartinge

. Hartinger investigated early SA murders at Dachau (1933)

He produced the first official legal report accusing the Nazis of unlawful killings

. His report threatened Nazi attempts to hide their use of terror

The Nazis suppressed his findings, showing how they dismantled legal opposition

Hartinger was quietly transferred out of Munich and pushed into a minor legal role so he could no longer challenge the regime.

Causes of the Night of Long Knife 5 reasons

• concern about homosexuality in the SA leadership

• had to choose between SA and army, being pressured by elites

• Fear Rohm will convince army to join him

• and the SA had 2 mil men on exercise so it looked like revoution

• Hitler was not boss, still have so SA want Mussolini style revolt

• Hindeburg was angered by the violent activities and growing threat of the SA and threatened Marshall Law and to give power to the army

• many of the Genrals saw the SA as thuggish, and aristocrats still were in power so Hitler (who was still chancellor and needed theoir help) did not want to alienate them

What did Papen do to attack Hitler and when and where

Speech writer Edward Fung to attack Hitler.

“great men are not created by propaganda” he said

University of Marburg on June 17, 1934.

estoration of civil liberties, freedom of the press, and a halt to state terror.

criticized the radical excesses of the Nazi regime, calling for an end to the "second revolution" and the "reign of terror" by the SA

What happened on June 1934

Hindenburg pressure Hitler to supress SA

What happen on the 28 of June 1934

• Heinrich Himmler (head of the SS) and Reinhard Heydrich (head of the SD) compiled a dossier alleging that Röhm and the SA were planning a coup.

What happen on 30 June

what happened on 10 AM of that morning

• Hitler go to arrest Rohm

• around 10Am Hummingbird said and arrest are coordinated

• Jung is killed

What happen on 1st July

• Rohm refused to suicide and the guard shot him in prison

what do the Nazis do to people and society

with name

• Arendt ‘origin of totalitarianism’ say Nazi reduce people with name, identity and legal right to body which is superfluous

• Atomise society

• use terror e.g fear of informer

Evidence to show that Hitler was lazy and not in control of Ger

• He only worked from 1-5

• He often go to his Berghof retreat

• Dislike paper work

• indecisive, and influenced by advisor

How is Ger actually run?

• Different Nazi leader and Groups competing and ‘working to the Fuhrer’

• polycratic

• Local Nazi leader to enforce policy, but do things differently

• Nazi Organisation such as Hitler Youth, and German Labour Front

• Joseph Gobbles, Propaganda

Key word for Nazi control of idea

• shut down Market place of ideas

• no alternative idea

• illusion of omniscient and omnipotent of Nazi state

• no pluarility of idea

what SAdo to jew

add later

How does SS work

• Heydrich for the SD

• Eccon dept, 150 firms by 45, all using slave labour

• Gestapo

• Concentration Camp

• Police now under SS in 36

• each town has informer, tell things like not fyling Nazi flag or anti hitler joke

Key thing about how Nazi gov worked 3 things

• Working toward the Fuhrer, Kershaw

• Polycratic

• Competition between underling

Hitler leadership 5

he is that what

kempler quote about : no one

WHat did kempler say people accet he is

he is aslo seen as the defender against

and how is his style

• He is the leader taking Ger to utopia

• Kempler: ‘No one wants to be rid of him’

• Kempler : ‘accept Hitler is the lesser evil’

• charismatic

• defender against communism

Most important things to Germans 3 things

1. Not living under socialism

2. Ecconamy Picking Up

3. Overturn Versailles (all are afraid for their lifelyhood

Gestapo Member in 1939

15,000

15 thousand

Gestapo member in 45

32,000 (at their peak)

32 thousand

Propaganda Quote from Gobbles

‘We want to work on people until they have capitulated to us’

the criteria can also be ‘national community’ - Volksgemeinschaft

Aims Nazi propaganda

• Uniformity of opinion

• community before individual

Why ppl liked Hitler

4 factors

• Jobs

• Versailles

• Stability

• compare him to the time before - Germany is strong and powerful

• give example most people in Germany would have seen the devastating effects of the hyperinflation

Why terror

to fill in the Gap when Hitler myth failed

Problems with gestapo 3

• Not enough man power

• Agents were not hardcore Nazi, some transferred from police durring Weimar erra

• the denunciations were not always cause of Nazi e.g selfish reason like get back on someone

How did Gestapo terror work

3 things

warrant paper?

• warrant on pink paper to make it look for official

• fear of denunciation breaks social bond - of informers

• create the illusion that the Nazi state was omnipotent and omniscient

How many firms did the SS eccon department ahve by 1945

150, using slave labour

Who was the Head of the SD

Reinhard Heydrich, head of intellegence

When did police become part of the SS

1936

What other thing was part of SS

Gestapo

What was the Gestapo

Seecret police

operated as an instrument of terror to eliminate political opposition, enforce Nazi ideology, and coordinate the persecution and deportation of Jews

What was the other part of SS that was very importantn and relied a lot on

informers

Why does proganda not work

people do it for their jobs, not because of ideological love for the regime

How did the number of members in Northheim increase

300 member in january that rose to 1200 in may

INCREASED BY 4 times

what did the old timer call the new timers

March casualites - many were sucspected to have joined because of personal interst suich as jobs

Fact to show that proganda showed strength which was popular

nuremburg rally had up to 1 million people

designed like a stage with lighting shows - known as the catherdral of light, using Lufftwaffe searchlights

torch parades, flags and marching

showed the strenght of Germany

What can u say about people choosing Hitler over Stalin

what does proapaganda have to do with that

Kempler ‘accept Hitler is the lesser evil’

Nazi propaganda exaggerated and painted a evil picture of communism

so it may not be love for Hitler but fear

Quote from Kempler about they are fine

‘most people are content’ better than hyperinflation

the killing and violence happen in the backround

most Germans are not jews

Fact to show how people were mostly concerned about money

‘all are afraid for their livelihood’

What does propaganda hav to do ?

create the impression that we are all being watched

to make people think that the state is omnipotent and omniscient

Population in Essen and number of Gestapo

when

650,000 only 43 agents in 1937

When was propaganda most successful

when it reinforce already poular beliefs and opinions

such as anti semetism, which was around in europe

Finish the line : propaganda never won … but merely their…

hearts and mind

content

What does the nature of propaganda suggest

because it is the only source of information, people have no alternative view point, so people can only beleive in it

What can we say about propaganda and unemployment

people want stability

it is very clearly obvious to people that there are less unemployed due the grand work projects, see less people being idle around the streets

What did the last phase of the war do to the Hitler myth

broke it

u cant hide the fact that cities are bombing and people are starving

What is it worth comparing the Hitler myth to

how sh*tty stuff was durring depression and early years of Weimar

Reichsautobahn provided how many jobs

250, 000

What is the US vs THEM mentality

and what does hitler say about Jew

• There is 2 type internal and external - people have to unite against them

• External is the USSR

• Internal there are the communist but we focus on the Jew

• Mein Kampf "[The Jew] is and remains the eternal parasite”

Kempler quote about Bolschevism being worse

'Will there not be something even worse, even if Hitler is overthrown, and even worse than Bolshevism?'

Kempler quote about informer

Every one fears the next one is an informer'

Effect of people being in camps then released

others know about the scary sh*t that happens in there so they dont wanna be sent

Quote about fearing the Russian…

and why

'Kempler ‘fear Russian conditions as a child fear the bogeyman'

• There have been rumours of the Gulags being passed on, even from the time of Ebert

• The people have just enjoyed the Golden Age

  • So they do not want the communist to take away that stability of economy prosperity

What do SA do to jews?

• Public demonstration - the use of ‘othering’

  • One example is when a Jew is caught with a anti Nazi leaflet

    • He would be forced to hung a Ebert picture symbolising weakness

    • Forced to say Hebrew - look foreign

    • Bow to SA men, showing defeat

    • Introduce them as Mr Jew - atomising and dividing, us and them

    • Make them sign sad songs

    • Shave head off - take away identity, now a superfluous body

    • When bleed force the other jew to lick

    • Thus we see these pubic demonstration will putt of people of association with Jews and scare Jews into obidence

What did Nazi do with newspaper

• All supporting the Nazi or they will close down

• Local business will sell pro Nazi merch

Show how Nazi tap into everyday life

• Sport club, gym club, football club mereged to one Nazi club

  • The focus is on military training

  • Another poster we see mother an child 'mother think about your children vote Hitler'

    • Showing how it taps into everyday life

  • Almost one event 2 every day

  • in 6 months there are hundreds of events

  • average Northheimer might have one event events every 2 day

What was the effect of fearing denounciation

break social bonds

In relashon to the terror, what kind of illusion was created

Nazi state was omnipotent and omiscient

What do people see Hitler as

defemnder against communism

what is hitler seen as the leader…

leading Germany to utopia