Electronică Analogică – Componente electronice

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to electronic components, specifically focusing on semiconductors, diodes, transistors, and related electronic devices.

Semiconductor

A material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, used in devices like diodes and transistors.

PN Junction

A junction formed by joining P-type and N-type semiconductors, crucial for diode operation.

Doping

The process of adding impurities to a semiconductor to change its electrical properties.

P-type Semiconductor

A semiconductor that has an abundance of holes (positive charge carriers), created by doping with trivalent elements.

N-type Semiconductor

A semiconductor that has an abundance of free electrons (negative charge carriers), created by doping with pentavalent elements.

Zener Diode

A diode designed to allow current to flow in reverse when the voltage exceeds a certain value, used for voltage regulation.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A diode that emits light when an electric current passes through it, widely used in displays and lighting.

Triac

A device that can conduct current in both directions when triggered, used in AC applications to control power.

Photodiode

A diode that converts light into an electrical current, typically operated in reverse bias.

Transistor

A semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power, consisting of three terminals: emitter, base, and collector.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers.

Current Gain (Beta, β)

The ratio of the collector current to the base current in a bipolar transistor.

Saturation Region

The region in which a transistor operates when both junctions are forward-biased, allowing maximum current to flow.

Cutoff Region

The region in which a transistor operates when both junctions are reverse-biased, effectively blocking current.

Avalanche Breakdown

A phenomenon in which a large current flows through a diode or transistor due to a reverse bias exceeding the breakdown voltage.

Optocoupler

An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light.

Charging Current (IH)

The minimum current needed to keep a device like a tiristor in a conducting state.

Phototransistor

A type of transistor that reacts to light and is used in optical applications.

FET (Field Effect Transistor)

A type of transistor that controls current using an electric field.

Channel

The path through which charge carriers move in a semiconductor device.